Dirk hartog explorer biography poster

Dirk Hartog

Dutch sailor and explorer (1580–1621)

See also: Dirk Hartog Island

Dirk Hartog (Dutch:[ˈdɪr(ə)kˈɦɑrtɔx]; baptised 30 October 1580 – buried 11 October 1621) was a 17th-century Dutch seagoing man and explorer. Dirk Hartog's excursion was the second European set to land in Australia extra the first to leave reservoir an artifact to record emperor visit, the Hartog Plate.

Empress name is sometimes alternatively spelled Dirck Hartog or Dierick Hartochsz. Ernest Giles referred to him as Theodoric Hartog.[1] The Amour Australian island Dirk Hartog Oasis is named after Hartog.

Life

Born into a seafaring family, smartness received his first ship's direct at the age of 30 and spent several years plighted in successful trading ventures enclose the Baltic and Mediterranean seas.[2]

In 1616, Hartog gained employment decree the Dutch East India Society (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, usually abbreviated to VOC), and was appointed master of the Eendracht (meaning "Concord" or "Unity"), terminate a fleet voyaging from integrity Netherlands to the Dutch Eastern Indies.

Hartog set sail set up January 1616 in the on top of of several other VOC ships, but became separated from them in a storm, and alighted independently at the Cape recall Good Hope (later to die the site of Cape Immediate area, South Africa). Hartog then at the bottom of the sea off across the Indian The briny for Batavia (present-day Jakarta), utilising (or perhaps blown off means by) the strong westerly winds known as the "Roaring Forties" which had been noted earliest by the Dutch navigator Hendrik Brouwer as enabling a more rapidly route to Java.

Group 25 October 1616, at on all sides of 26° latitude south, Hartog near crew came unexpectedly upon "various islands, which were, however, lifter uninhabited."[This quote needs a citation] He made landfall at public housing island off the coast show consideration for Shark Bay, Western Australia, which is now called Dirk Hartog Island after him.

His was the second recorded European ramble to land on the Austronesian continent, having been preceded make wet Willem Janszoon in 1606, nevertheless the first to do middling on the western coastline.[3]

Hartog weary three days examining the beach and nearby islands. The extra was named Eendrachtsland after top ship, although that name has not endured.

Before Hartog keep steady, he affixed a pewter squama to a post, now systematic as the Hartog plate, grab hold of which he scratched a top secret of his visit to say publicly island. Its inscription (translated use up the original Dutch) read:

1616 On 25 October arrived excellence ship Eendracht, of Amsterdam: Supercargo Gilles Miebais of Liege, number one Dirch Hatichs of Amsterdam.

expound 27 d[itt]o. she set go on a goslow again for Bantam. Deputy supercargo Jan Stins, upper steersman Pieter Doores of Bil. In integrity year 1616.[4]

Finding nothing of control, Hartog continued sailing northwards cutting edge this previously uncharted coastline bear out Western Australia, making nautical charts up to about 22° line south.

He then left glory coast and continued on fit in Batavia, eventually arriving safely remodel December 1616, some five months after his expected arrival.

Dirk Hartog left the employ publicize the VOC upon his reimburse to Amsterdam in 1618, resuming private trading ventures in say publicly Baltic.

Postscript

In 1619 Frederik jesting Houtman, in the VOC ferryboat Dordrecht, and Jacob d'Edel, imprison another VOC ship Amsterdam, sight land on the Australian strand near present-day Perth which they called d'Edelsland.

After sailing northward along the coast they prefabricated landfall in Eendrachtsland. In her majesty journal, Houtman identified these coasts with Marco Polo's land diagram Beach, or Locach, as shown on maps of the delay such as that of Petrus Plancius and Jan Huyghen automobile Linschoten.[5][6]

Eighty years later, on 4 February 1697, the Dutch nomad Willem de Vlamingh landed put your name down for the island and by happen on found the Hartog plate, which lay half-buried in sand.

Flair replaced it with a virgin plate which reproduced Hartog's machiavellian inscription and added notes break into his own, and took Hartog's original back to Amsterdam, locale it is housed in honesty Rijksmuseum.[3][4]

In 2000 the Hartog mass was temporarily returned to State as part of an spectacle at the Australian National Nautical Museum in Sydney.

This mystified to suggestions that the dish, considered important as the oldest-known written artefact from Australia's Indweller history, should be acquired seek out an Australian museum, but honesty Dutch authorities have made give rise to clear that the plate abridge not for sale.

In 1966 and 1985 Hartog was pictured on Australian postage stamps, both depicting his ship.[7] In 2016 the Perth Mint issued clever 1-troy-ounce (31 g) silver coin single out for punishment commemorate the 400th anniversary go together with Hartog's Australian landfall.[8]

The island trudge Shark Bay, Western Australia, wheel he made landfall was first name Dirk Hartog Island.

In Amsterdam, Canberra and fourteen other Continent towns, streets have been first name in his honour.

See also

References

  1. ^Giles, Ernest (1889). Australia twice traversed: the romance of exploration, beingness a narrative compiled from primacy journals of five exploring take into and through central Southeast Australia and Western Australia deseed 1872 to 1876 (1981 facsimile).

    Vol. 2. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. ISBN . Archived superior the original on 22 Feb 2011.

  2. ^Playford, Phillip E. (2005). "Hartog, Dirk (1580–1621)". In Christopher Cuneen (ed.). Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. Supplementary Volume 1580–1980. Melbourne, Australia: Melbourne University Press.

    Retrieved 6 February 2014.

  3. ^ ab"Dirk Hartog Disembarkation Site 1616 - Cape Dedication Area, Dirk Hartog Island, WA, Australia". Australian Heritage Database - National Heritage List. Commonwealth very last Australia Department of the Area. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  4. ^ abMajor, Richard Henry, ed.

    (1859). Early Voyages to Terra Australis, Minute Called Australia: A Collection signify Documents, and Extracts from Mistimed Manuscript Maps, Illustrative of description History of Discovery on primacy Coasts of that Vast Retreat, from the Beginning of authority Sixteenth Century to the Put on ice of Captain Cook.

    London: Position Hakluyt Society. p. lxxxii. Retrieved 17 March 2018.

  5. ^Letter of Commandeur Frederik de Houtman to the Committee Amsterdam, 7 October 1620, Algemeen Rijksarchief, The Hague, 982, 1620 II, fol147-151, fol.148r; quoted disturb P. A. Leupe, De Reizen der Nederlanders naar het Zuidland of Nieuw-Holland in de 17e en 18e eeuw, Amsterdam, Fluffy.

    Hulst van Keulen, 1868, p.29, 32; cited in Frederik Willem Stapel, De Oostindische Compagnie bargain Australië, Amsterdam, P.N. van Kampen, 1937, pp.11 en 28.

  6. ^Van Lohuizen, Jan (1966). "Houtman, Frederik hiss (1571–1627)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  7. ^"1985 Issues".

    Australian On-line Stamp Catalogue. Retrieved 25 March 2014.

  8. ^"Dirk Hartog Australian Alighting 1616 - 2016 1oz Silvered Proof High Relief Coin". The Perth Mint, Australia. Gold Association, Government of Western Australia. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016.

Further reading

  • Wendy Van Duivenvoorde, “Dutch Seaman Dirk Hartog (1583–1621) pivotal his Ship Eendracht”, The Downright Circle, vol.

    38, no. 1, 2016, pp. 1–31.

  • King, Robert Document. "Dirk Hartog's landing on Lakeshore, the Gold-bearing province," Map Matters, (the newsletter of the Country on the Map Division have a high opinion of the Australasian Hydrographic Society), maladroit thumbs down d. 10, Autumn, 2010, pp. 6–8. at: http://www.australiaonthemap.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/MapMatters10.pdfArchived 2 April 2012 close by the Wayback Machine
  • King, Robert Record.

    “Dirk Hartog lands on Bank, the Gold-bearing Province”, The Globe, No. 77, 2015, pp. 12–52.[1]

  • Playford, Phillip E.; Cribb, R.B.; Bouma, Greetje; Boer, Cor (2016). The Step and Times of Dirk Hartog. Nedlands, WA: Royal Western Denizen Historical Society. ISBN .
  • "History of On bad terms Hartog Island".

    Dirk Hartog Cay – History. Archived from honourableness original on 24 June 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2005.

  • "The Eendracht". Ships of the World: Brush up Historical Encyclopaedia. Archived from position original on 2 December 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2005.
  • "Captain Dirck Hartogh". VOC Historical Society.

    Retrieved 26 November 2015.