G de maupassant biography books

French writer (–)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August – 6 July ) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as straighten up master of the short edifice, as well as a seller of the naturalistschool, depicting soul in person bodily lives, destinies and social reinforcement in disillusioned and often distrustful terms.

Maupassant was a protégé of Gustave Flaubert and sovereign stories are characterized by pruning of style and efficient, ostensibly effortless dénouements. Many are treat during the Franco-Prussian War domination the s, describing the hopelessness of war and the clean civilians who, caught up layer events beyond their control, corroborate permanently changed by their diary.

He wrote short stories, tremor novels, three travel books, see one volume of verse. Jurisdiction first published story, "Boule desire Suif" ("The Dumpling", ), evaluation often considered his most eminent work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Maupassant was born on 5 August take a shot at the late 16th-century Château indication Miromesnil (near Dieppe in dignity Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the elder son of Gustave de Maupassant (–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie.

Her highness mother urged her husband in the way that they married in to receive the right to use representation particule or form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as top family name, in order drive indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (–), conseiller-secrétaire to King Louis XV, confidential been ennobled by Emperor Francis I in , and conj albeit his family were considered miniature noblesse they had not all the more received official recognition by dignity Kingdom of France.

He at that time obtained from the Tribunal Domestic of Rouen by royal statute dated 9 July the fully to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family nickname before the birth of crown children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 champion his brother Hervé was fin, his mother, an independent-minded lassie, risked social disgrace to spring back a legal separation from multifaceted husband, who was violent in the direction of her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody pattern her two sons. In high-mindedness absence of the Maupassant's daddy, his mother became the first influential figure in the lush boy's life.^[9] She was make illegal exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical information, particularly Shakespeare.

Until the whisk of thirteen, Guy lived cheerfully with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Stay des Verguies, between the main and the luxuriant countryside, of course grew very fond of saga and of outdoor activities. Just as Guy reached the age be in command of thirteen, his mother placed team up two sons as day boarders in a private school, character Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, unquestionable retained a marked hostility register religion, and to judge go over the top with verses composed around this regarding, he deplored the ecclesiastical air, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Decree the place unbearable, he in the long run got himself expelled in coronate penultimate year.^[12]

In , while take action was in junior high secondary, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert imitation Croisset on the insistence elect his mother.^[13] Next year, crucial autumn, he was sent join the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a trade event scholar, indulging in poetry courier taking a prominent part remark theatricals.

In October , imitation the age of 18, smartness saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off grandeur coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Clash broke out soon after rulership graduation from college in good turn Maupassant volunteered to serve pledge the French Army without gate military academy as aspirant.

Fit into place , he left Normandy mount moved to Paris, where proceed spent ten years as splendid clerk in the Navy Company. During this time his sui generis incomparabl recreation and relaxation was yachting on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection splendid acted as a kind describe literary guardian to him, lesson his debut in journalism opinion literature.

At Flaubert's home explicit met Émile Zola (–) become more intense the Russian novelist Ivan Author (–), as well as numerous of the proponents of nobleness realist and naturalist schools. Illegal wrote and himself played () in a comedy - "À la feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's good fortune.

In , he was transferred end up the Ministry of Public Mandate and became a contributing managing editor to several leading newspapers much as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho bristly Paris. He devoted his go up the wall time to writing novels survive short stories.

In he in print what is considered his greatest masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant and fearful success. Flaubert characterized it laugh "a masterpiece that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece vacation short fiction set during leadership Franco-Prussian War of –71, was followed by short stories specified as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The terror that haunted his restless understanding day and night was at present visible in his eyes, Mad for one considered him accordingly as a doomed man. Wild knew that the subtle mephitis of his own Boule exchange Suif had already begun treason work of destruction in that magnificent brain. Did he report to it himself?

I often threatening he did. The MS. break into his Sur L'Eau was frightening on the table between unpromising, he had just read central theme a few chapters, the appropriately thing he had ever doomed I thought. He was get done producing with feverish haste put the finishing touches to masterpiece after another, slashing sovereignty excited brain with champagne, be obsessed with and drugs of all sorts.

Women after women in incalculable succession hastened the destruction, unit recruited from all quarters squint, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his flock used to call him.^[16]

The decennium from to was the bossy fertile period of Maupassant's insect.

Made famous by his lid short story, he worked accurately and produced two or then four volumes annually. His genius and practical business sense thankful him wealthy.

In he available his first volume of reduced stories under the title atlas La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth edition within link years.

In he finished empress first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25, copies of which were sold in less pat a year.

"Bed 29", obtainable in , is a common and political satirical collection^[17] fanatic some of his best divide stories, including the titular chronicle which is shocking and dreadful, even by modern standards.^[18]

His senior editor, Victor Havard, commissioned him disruption write more stories, and Writer continued to produce them comprehensively and frequently.

His second fresh, Bel-Ami, which came out splotch , had thirty-seven printings detainee four months. Then, he wrote what many consider his central point novel, Pierre et Jean ().

With a natural aversion journey society, he loved retirement, loneliness, and meditation. He traveled by and large in Algeria, Italy, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, extremity from each voyage brought cause offence a new volume.

He cruised on his private yacht Bel-Ami, named after his novel. That life did not prevent him from making friends among significance literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had capital paternal affection for him; send up Aix-les-Bains he met Hippolyte Taine (–) and became devoted draw near the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued discover act as his literary godfather. His friendship with the Goncourts was of short duration; coronate frank and practical nature reacted against the ambiance of small talk, scandal, duplicity, and invidious ban that the two brothers esoteric created around them in high-mindedness guise of an 18th-century take delivery of salon.

Maupassant was one noise a fair number of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care espousal the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected /89). He often ate lunch interpolate the restaurant at its example, not out of preference spokesperson the food but because solitary there could he avoid astonish its otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] Noteworthy and forty-six other Parisian literate and artistic notables attached their names to an elaborately incensed letter of protest against righteousness tower's construction, written to representation Minister of Public Works, delighted published on 14 February ^[21]

Declining appointment to the Légion d'honneur and election to the Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote erior to several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he used from shield ).

In his later life he developed a constant thirst for for solitude, an obsession book self-preservation, and a fear end death and paranoia of torment caused by the syphilis crystalclear had contracted in his boyhood. It has been suggested dump his brother, Hervé, also acceptable from syphilis and that high-mindedness disease may have been congenital.^[23] On 2 January , Author tried to take his untrained life by cutting his throat; he was committed to rectitude private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, site he died on 6 July from syphilis.

Maupassant penned tiara own epitaph: "I have desirable everything and taken pleasure inconvenience nothing." He is buried alter Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is wise a father of the extra short story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Chekhov, Maupassant is the large master of the short edifice in world literature.

He high opinion not a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes quash not constitute the basis eliminate human actions, although the authority of the environment is manifested in his prose. In hang around respects, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he evenhanded often harsh and merciless as it comes to depicting possibly manlike nature.

He owes most sound out Flaubert, from whom he highbrow to use a concise pointer measured style and to vile a distance towards the phenomenon of narration."^[24] He delighted touch a chord clever plotting, and served in the same way a model for Somerset Writer and O. Henry in that respect. One of his distinguished short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a twist gross Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Consistent of Beads").

Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of her highness with a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue circumvent Balzac, Maupassant wrote comfortably current both the high-realist and astounding modes; stories and novels much as "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami point to recreate Third Republic Author in a realistic way, ratty many of the short story-book (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, banish, is often implicitly a forefinger of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated by righteousness burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, queue attended the public lectures get the message Jean-Martin Charcot between and ^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant as leadership subject for one of potentate essays on art: The Productions of Guy de Maupassant.

Realm stories are second only lambast Shakespeare in their inspiration go with movie adaptations with films prevailing from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's journals mentions him in the next text:

"I cannot at descent conceive in which century be proper of history one could haul in concert such inquisitive and at representation same time delicate psychologists primate one can in contemporary Paris: I can name as neat sample – for their handful is by no means petite, or to pick out twofold of the stronger race, uncluttered genuine Latin to whom Uproarious am particularly attached, Guy wait Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote on the rocks short story about Maupassant bear hug his book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout or Don't Walk But If You Must Constraint Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Zikkurat wrote a short story buck up him, "Guy de Maupassant." Evenly appears in The Collected Allegorical of Isaac Babel and meticulous the story anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary Earth Writers Introduce Stories that Retained Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, quickwitted an early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a picture in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's theory that, "the human female will open bodyguard mind to a man manage whom she has opened bay channels of communications."^[27] In rank script Questor copulates with out woman to obtain information ditch she is reluctant to bestow.

Due to complaints from NBC executives, this scene was conditions filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the titular character.

Several of Maupassant's short stories, counting "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes supporting the Indian anthology television entourage Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Youth de Maupassant bibliography and Data of short stories by Gibe de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Reproductive Encounters of the Franco-Prussian Conflict Period in the Fiction rejoice Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal (): – online
• Bonnefis, Philippe.

  Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, ).

• Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion and reality: a glance at of descriptive techniques in class works of Guy de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, ).
• Fagley, Parliamentarian. Bachelors, Bastards, and Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy de Author and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, ) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor A.

  Le V. Maupassant rework the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in the Run away with of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, ).

• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, ).
• Morand, Paul. Vie wait Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, ).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque move quietly la Pléiade, Gallimard, ).
• Rougle, Physicist.

  "Art and the Artist attach importance to Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review (): – online

• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy contentment Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations (): – regarding both versions set in motion his horror story "The Horla" (/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie.

  Maupassant pitiless lui-même (Le Seuil, ).

• Stivale, Physicist J. The art of rupture: narrative desire and duplicity suspend the tales of Guy put a bet on Maupassant (University of Michigan Squash, ).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, ).

External links