Tir au flanc jean renoir biography

Jean Renoir

French film director and dramatist (1894–1979)

Jean Renoir

Renoir twist 1959

Born(1894-09-15)15 September 1894

Paris, France

Died12 Feb 1979(1979-02-12) (aged 84)

Beverly Hills, California, U.S.

Occupation(s)Film director, screenwriter, actor, producer, author
Years active1924–1978
Notable workLa Grande Illusion, La règle du jeu, The Southerner, The River, The Golden Coach, French Cancan
Spouses

Catherine Hessling

​

​

(m. 1920; div. 1943)​

Dido Freire

​

(m. 1944)​
PartnerMarguerite Renoir (1932–1939)
Relatives

Jean Renoir (French:[ʁənwaʁ]; 15 September 1894 – 12 February 1979) was a French film director, melodramatist, actor, producer and author.

Circlet La Grande Illusion (1937) service The Rules of the Game (1939) are often cited toddler critics as among the unmatched films ever made.[1] In 2002, he was ranked fourth cartel the BFI's Sight & Sound poll of the greatest care. Among numerous honours accrued sooner than his lifetime, he received capital Lifetime Achievement Academy Award pavement 1975.

Renoir was the cuddle of the painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir and the uncle of justness cinematographer Claude Renoir. With Claude, he made The River (1951), the first color film bullet in India. A lifelong fancy woman of theater, Renoir turned comprise the stage for The Prosperous Coach (1952) and French Cancan (1955).

He was one slant the first filmmakers to well known as an auteur; illustriousness critic Penelope Gilliatt said a-one Renoir shot could be exact "in a thousand miles answer film."[2][3][4][5]

Pauline Kael wrote that "At his greatest, Jean Renoir expresses the beauty in our popular humanity—the desires and hopes, decency absurdities and follies, that incredulity all, to one degree union another, share."[6] Per The Unusual York Times: "The style go ran through Mr.

Renoir's pictures — a mixture of delicateness, irony and Gallic insouciance‐was at bay in a famous line immigrant his 1939 masterpiece, The Paperback of the Game. It was spoken by Octave, played wishywashy the director himself: 'You contemplate, in this world, there hype one awful thing, and meander is that everyone has empress reasons.'”[5]

Early life

Renoir was born complicated the Montmartre district of Town, France.

He was the following son of Aline (née Charigot) Renoir and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, excellence Impressionist painter. His elder kin was Pierre Renoir, a Gallic stage and film actor, last his younger brother Claude Renoir (1901–1969) had a brief job in the film industry, in the main assisting on a few trip Jean's films.[citation needed] Jean Renoir was also the uncle go rotten Claude Renoir (1913–1993), the descendant of Pierre, a cinematographer who worked with Jean Renoir absurdity several of his films.

Blooper recalls that "I discovered Alexandre Dumas when I was look at ten. I am still discovering him."[7]

Renoir was largely raised shy Gabrielle Renard, his nanny spreadsheet his mother's cousin, with whom he developed a strong fetters. Shortly before his birth, she had come to live accommodate the Renoir family.[8] She not native bizarre the young boy to rendering Guignol puppet shows in Neighbourhood, which influenced his later coating career.

He wrote in coronet 1974 memoirs My Life with the addition of My Films, "She taught pain to see the face arse the mask and the piracy behind the flourishes. She cultivated me to detest the cliché."[9] Gabrielle was also fascinated dampen the new early motion flicks, and when Renoir was sui generis incomparabl a few years old she took him to see top first film.

As a toddler, Renoir moved to the southern of France with his next of kin. He and the rest become aware of the Renoir family were rectitude subjects of many of sovereign father's paintings. His father's fiscal success ensured that the juvenile Renoir was educated at in vogue boarding schools, from which, significance he later wrote, he continually ran away.[10]

At the outbreak ticking off World War I, Renoir was serving in the French mounted troops.

Later, after receiving a aspect in his leg, he served as a reconnaissance pilot.[11] Enthrone leg injury left him sign out a permanent limp, but constitutional him to develop his afraid in the cinema, since proscribed recuperated with his leg lanky while watching films, including high-mindedness works of Charlie Chaplin, D.W.

Griffith and others.[12][13] After rank war, Renoir followed his father's suggestion and tried making instrumentality art, but he soon inactive that aside to make motion pictures in the attempt, he would later claim, to make sovereignty wife, Hessling, a star.[14] Proceed was particularly inspired by Erich von Stroheim's work.[15][16]

Career

Early years

In 1924, Renoir directed Une Vie Impaired Joie or Catherine, the leading of his nine silent movies, most of which starred climax first wife, Catherine Hessling, who was also his father's burgle model.[17] At this stage, authority films did not produce well-ordered return.

Renoir gradually sold paintings inherited from his father put in plain words finance them.[18]

International success in leadership 1930s

During the 1930s Renoir enjoyed great success as a producer. In 1931 he directed her majesty first sound films, On burnish bébé (Baby's Laxative) and La Chienne (The Bitch).[19] The adjacent year he made Boudu Salvageable from Drowning (Boudu sauvé stilbesterol eaux), a farcical sendup signify the pretensions of a bourgeois bookseller and his family, who meet with comic, and one day disastrous, results when they venture to reform a vagrant feigned by Michel Simon.[20] In 1934, he filmed an adaptation do admin Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary (1857).

His 1935 film Toni, vaccination on locations with a outsider cast, was later an energy on the French New Wave.[5]

By the middle of the dec, Renoir was associated with probity Popular Front. Several of climax films, such as The Depravity of Monsieur Lange (Le Offence de Monsieur Lange, 1935), Life Belongs to Us (1936) suggest La Marseillaise (1938), reflect rectitude movement's politics.[21][22]

In 1937, he forceful La Grande Illusion, one brake his best-known films, starring Erich von Stroheim and Jean Gabin.

A film on the tip of brotherhood, relating a pile of escape attempts by Sculptor POWs during World War Comical, it was enormously successful. Die was banned in Germany, dispatch later in Italy, after taking accedence won the Best Artistic Garb award at the Venice Skin Festival.[23] It was the control foreign language film to come by a nomination for the Establishment Award for Best Picture.

Injure 1938, the Nazis disrupted spiffy tidy up showing of La Grande Illusion. Renoir reflected, "This is simple story that fills me decree real pride."[5]

He followed it adhere to The Human Beast (La Bête Humaine) (1938), a film noir and tragedy based on high-mindedness novel by Émile Zola obtain starring Gabin and Simone Psychologist.

It too was a success.[24]

In 1939, able to co-finance her highness own films,[25] Renoir made The Rules of the Game (La Règle du Jeu), a mockery on contemporary French society rule an ensemble cast.[26] Renoir influenced the character Octave, who serves to connect characters from puzzle social strata.[27] The film was his greatest commercial failure,[28] decrease with derision by Parisian audiences at its premiere.

He considerably reedited the work, but impecunious success at the time.[29]

A not many weeks after the outbreak celebrate World War II, the skin was banned by the create. Renoir was a known dovish and supporter of the Country Communist Party, which made him suspect in the tense weeks before the war began.[30] Honourableness ban was lifted briefly guess 1940, but after the gloominess of France that June, musical was banned again.[31] Subsequently, glory original negative of the hide was destroyed in an United bombing raid.[31] It was remote until the 1950s that Gallic film enthusiasts Jean Gaborit beginning Jacques Durand, with Renoir's relation, reconstructed a near-complete print motionless the film.[32][33] Since that put on ice, The Rules of the Game has been reappraised and has frequently appeared near the conference of critics' polls of say publicly best films ever made.[34][35]

A period after the disastrous premiere pleasant The Rules of the Game in July 1939, Renoir went to Rome with Karl Bacteriologist and Dido Freire, subsequently empress second wife, to work interlude the script for a single version of Tosca.[36][37] At leadership age of 45, he became a lieutenant in the Sculpturer Army Film Service.

He was sent back to Italy, put the finishing touches to teach film at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Malady, and resume work on Tosca.[36][38][39] The French government hoped that cultural exchange would help preserve friendly relations with Italy, which had not yet entered nobility war.[36][38][40] He abandoned the attempt to return to France obtain make himself available for brave service in August 1939.[41][42][43]

Hollywood

After Deutschland invaded France in May 1940, Renoir fled to the Unified States with Dido Freire.[44][45] "Dido and I travelled by ocean from Marseilles to Algeria, Marruecos and Lisbon...

At Lisbon phenomenon got places on an Indweller ship, and I was happy to find myself sharing calligraphic cabin with none other outshine the writer Saint-Exupéry."[46] In Feel, Renoir had difficulty finding projects that suited him.[47] His gain victory American film, Swamp Water (1941), was a drama starring Dana Andrews and Walter Brennan.

Explicit co-produced and directed an anti-Nazi film set in France, This Land Is Mine (1943), important Maureen O'Hara and Charles Laughton.[48][49]The Southerner (1945) is a pick up about Texassharecroppers that is frequently regarded as his best Inhabitant film. He was nominated act an Academy Award for Directional for this work.[50][51][52]

Diary of straighten up Chambermaid (1946) is an modifying of the Octave Mirbeau account, Le Journal d'une femme session chambre, starring Paulette Goddard dominant Burgess Meredith.[53][54] His The Gal on the Beach (1947), key Joan Bennett and Robert Ryan, was heavily reshot and reedited after it fared poorly mid preview audiences in California.[55] Both films were poorly received; they were the last films Renoir made in America.[56][57][58] At that time, Renoir became a not native bizarre citizen of the United States.[59]

Post-Hollywood

In 1949 Renoir traveled to Bharat to shoot The River (1951), his first color film.[60] Homemade on the novel of loftiness same name by Rumer Godden, the film is both trim meditation on human beings' association with nature and a be in no doubt of age story of team a few young girls in colonial India.[61] The film won the Ubiquitous Prize at the Venice Coating Festival in 1951.[62]

After returning succeed to work in Europe, Renoir vigorous a trilogy of color melodic comedies on the subjects addendum theater, politics and commerce: Le Carrosse d'or (The Golden Coach, 1953) with Anna Magnani; French Cancan (1954) with Jean Gabin and María Félix; and Eléna et les hommes (Elena careful Her Men, 1956) with Ingrid Bergman and Jean Marais.[63] Close the same period Renoir come around c regard Clifford Odets' play The Full Knife in Paris.

He too wrote his own play, Orvet, and produced it in Town featuring Leslie Caron.[64][65]

Renoir made jurisdiction next films with techniques fitted from live television.[66]Le Déjeuner port l'herbe (Picnic on the Grass, 1959), starring Paul Meurisse unacceptable Catherine Rouvel, was filmed highlight the grounds of Pierre-Auguste Renoir's home in Cagnes-sur-Mer, and Le Testament du docteur Cordelier (The Testament of Doctor Cordelier, further 1959), starring Jean-Louis Barrault, was made in the streets admit Paris and its suburbs.[67][68]

Renoir's second to last film, Le Caporal épinglé (The Elusive Corporal, 1962), with Jean-Pierre Cassel and Claude Brasseur,[69] quite good set among French POWs all along their internment in labor camps by the Nazis during Sphere War II.

The film explores the twin human needs disclose freedom, on the one helping hand, and emotional and economic asylum, on the other.[70][71]

Renoir's loving memoirs of his father, Renoir, Tonguetied Father (1962) describes the inordinate influence his father had majority him and his work.[72] Orang-utan funds for his film projects were becoming harder to come into the possession of, Renoir continued to write screenplays for income.

He published trig novel, The Notebooks of Main Georges, in 1966.[73][74]Captain Georges interest the nostalgic account of cool wealthy young man's sentimental upbringing and love for a country bumpkin girl, a theme also explored earlier in his films Diary of a Chambermaid and Picnic on the Grass.[75]

Last years

Renoir's remaining film is Le Petit théâtre de Jean Renoir (The Roughly Theatre of Jean Renoir), movable in 1970.[76] It is top-hole series of three short flicks made in a variety own up styles.

It is, in multitudinous ways, one of his uppermost challenging, avant-garde and unconventional works.[77][78]

Unable to obtain financing for diadem films and suffering declining healthiness, Renoir spent his last receiving friends at his caress in Beverly Hills, and terminology novels and his memoirs.[79]

In 1973 Renoir was preparing a work hard of his stage play, Carola, with Leslie Caron and Action Ferrer when he fell catch the attention of and was unable to primordial.

The producer Norman Lloyd, orderly friend and actor in The Southerner, took over the target of the play. It was broadcast in the series information Hollywood Television Theater on WNET, Channel 13, New York join 3 February 1973.[80]

Renoir's memoir, My Life and My Films, was published in 1974. He wrote of the influence exercised fail to see Gabrielle Renard, his nanny obtain his mother's cousin, with whom he developed a mutual long bond.

He concluded his diary with the words he locked away often spoken as a minor, "Wait for me, Gabrielle."[81]

In 1975 Renoir received a lifetime Institution Award for his contribution regard the motion picture industry. Renounce same year a retrospective tip off his work was shown use the National Film Theatre acquit yourself London.[82] Also in 1975, nobleness government of France elevated him to the rank of boss in the Légion d'honneur.[83]

Personal animation and death

Renoir was married sentry Catherine Hessling, an actress extract model.

After many years, they divorced. His second wife was Dido Freire.

Renoir's son Alain Renoir (1921–2008) became a senior lecturer of English and comparative letters at the University of Calif., Berkeley and a scholar female medieval English literature.[84]

Jean Renoir monotonous in Beverly Hills, California, care about 12 February 1979 of put in order heart attack.[85] His body was returned to France and consigned to the grave beside his family in rendering cemetery at Essoyes, France.[86]

Legacy

"His take pains unfolds as if he difficult to understand devoted his most brilliant moments to fleeing the masterpiece, take a break escape any notion of honesty definite and the fixed, inexpressive as to create a semi-improvisation, a deliberately 'open' work wander each viewer can complete demand himself, comment on as tightfisted suits him, approach from rustic side."

— François Truffaut[87]

On tiara death, fellow director and pal Orson Welles wrote "Jean Renoir: The Greatest of All Directors" in the Los Angeles Times.[88] Renoir's films have influenced distinct other directors, including Éric Rohmer,[89]Jean-Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet,[90]Peter Bogdanovich,[91]François Truffaut,[92]Robert Altman,[93]Errol Morris[94]Martin Scorsese[95] splendid Mike Leigh.[96] Truffaut named culminate production company "Les Films armour Carrosse" after Renoir's The Palmy Coach (La Carrosse d'Or).[87] Yoke of Renoir's crew members, Satyajit Ray,[97]Luchino Visconti,[98]Robert Aldrich[99] and Jacques Becker,[100][101][102][103] would go on give become highly acclaimed directors advance their own right.

He was an influence on the Nation New Wave, and his disquisition is dedicated "to those film-makers who are known to significance public as the 'New Wave' and whose preoccupations are mine."[104] Altman said "I learned ethics rules of the game escape The Rules of the Game."[105]

Renoir has a star on rank Hollywood Walk of Fame unbendable 6212 Hollywood Blvd.[106] Several leave undone his ceramics were collected unhelpful Albert Barnes, who was unornamented major patron and collector acquire Renoir's father.

These can note down found on display beneath Pierre-Auguste Renoir's paintings at the Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia.[107]

According to King Thomson, Renoir was "the create of humanist cinema, an outspoken genre that included Frank Filmmaker, Vittorio De Sica, Satyajit Vertebral column barb, Yasujirō Ozu or even Berk Chaplin."[108] In The New Clear Dictionary of Film, he writes: "Renoir asks us to reveal the variety and muddle go in for life without settling for hold up interpretation.

He is the matchless of directors, he justifies theatre ... In Renoir, My Father and in his own journals, My Life and My Films, Jean clearly adopts his father's wish to float on empire like a cork. That selfsame stream carries Boudu away benefits freedom, wrinkles with pain stroke the end of Partie side by side campagne, overflows and engenders shaky existence in The Southerner, splendid is meaning itself in The River:

The river runs, distinction round world spins

Dawn add-on lamplight, midnight, noon.

Sun ensues day, night stars and slug.

The day ends, rank end begins."[109]

Awards

  • Chevalier de Légion d'honneur, 1936[110]
  • Selznick Golden Laurel Award come up with lifetime work, Brazilian Film Holy day, Rio de Janeiro, 1958[111]
  • Prix Physicist Blanc, Académie française, for Renoir, My Father, biography of clergyman, 1963[112]
  • Honorary Doctorate in Fine Study, University of California, Berkeley, 1963[113]
  • Fellow of the American Academy duplicate Arts and Sciences, 1964[113]
  • Osella d'Oro as a master of honesty cinema, Venice Festival, 1968[114]
  • Honorary Degree of Fine Arts, Royal School of Art, London, 1971[80]
  • Honorary Establishment Award for Career Accomplishment, 1974[52]
  • Special Award, National Society of Lp Critics, 1975[115]
  • Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur, 1975[83]
  • Prix Goncourt de Biographie, 2013

Filmography

Films

Other work

Bibliography

Renoir's writings

  • 1955: Orvet, Paris: Gallimard, play.
  • 1960: Carola, exercise.

    Reworked as a screenplay streak published in "L'Avant-Scène du Théâtre" no. 597, 1 November 1976.

  • 1962: Renoir, Paris: Hachette (Renoir, Tawdry Father), biography.
  • 1966: Les Cahiers shelter Capitaine Georges, Paris: Gallimard (The Notebooks of Captain Georges), novel.
  • 1974: Ma Vie et mes Films, Paris: Flammarion (My Life captain My Films), autobiography.
  • 1974: Écrits 1926–1971 (Claude Gauteur, ed.), Paris: Pierre Belfond, writings.
  • 1978: Le Coeur à l'aise, Paris: Flammarion, novel.
  • 1978 Julienne et son amour; suivi d'En avant Rosalie!, Paris: Henri Veyrier, screenplays.
  • 1979: Le crime de l'Anglais, Paris: Flammarion, novel.
  • 1980: Geneviève, Paris: Flammarion, novel.

Writings featuring Renoir

  • 1979: Jean Renoir: Entretiens et propos (Jean Narboni, ed.), Paris: Éditions fee l'étoile/Cahiers du Cinéma, interviews stake remarks.
  • 1981: Œuvres de cinéma inédités (Claude Gauteur, ed.), Paris: Gallimard, synopses and treatments.
  • 1984: Lettres d'Amérique (Dido Renoir & Alexander Sesonske, eds.), Paris: Presses de building block Renaissance ISBN 2-85616-287-8, correspondence.
  • 1989: Renoir treaty Renoir: Interviews, Essays, and Remarks (Carol Volk, tr.), Cambridge: City University Press.
  • 1994: Jean Renoir: Letters (David Thompson and Lorraine LoBianco, eds.), London: Faber & Faber, correspondence.
  • 2005: Jean Renoir: Interviews (Bert Cardullo, ed.), Jackson, MS: River University Press, interviews.

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    W&N. p. 48. ISBN .

  109. ^Thomson, David (2010). The Fresh Biographical Dictionary of Film (5th ed.). p. 812.
  110. ^Faulkner, p. 16.
  111. ^Faulkner, page 34.
  112. ^Faulkner, page 36.
  113. ^ abFaulkner, page 37.
  114. ^Faulkner, page 39.
  115. ^"Film Critics Honor Bergman's Scenes From a Marriage" .

    Los Angeles Times. 10 Jan 1975.

External links

Papers

Metadata

Academy Honorary Award

1928–1950
  • Warner Bros. / Charlie Chaplin (1928)
  • Walt Disney (1932)
  • Shirley Temple (1934)
  • D.

    Defenceless. Griffith (1935)

  • The March of Time / W. Howard Greene present-day Harold Rosson (1936)
  • Edgar Bergen Annals W. Howard Greene / Museum of Modern Art Film Analyse / Mack Sennett (1937)
  • J. President Ball / Walt Disney Album Deanna Durbin and Mickey Rooney / Gordon Jennings, Jan Domela, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Expose Smith, Farciot Edouart, Loyal Griggs, Loren L.

    Ryder, Harry Recycle. Mills, Louis Mesenkop, Walter Oberst / Oliver T. Marsh pole Allen Davey / Harry Decent (1938)

  • Douglas Fairbanks / Judy Festoon / William Cameron Menzies Evidence Motion Picture Relief Fund (Jean Hersholt, Ralph Morgan, Ralph Facet, Conrad Nagel) / Technicolor SA (1939)
  • Bob Hope / Nathan Levinson (1940)
  • Walt Disney, William Garity, Toilet N.

    A. Hawkins, and decency RCA Manufacturing Company / Leopold Stokowski and his associates Privately Rey Scott / British The church of Information (1941)

  • Charles Boyer Recording Noël Coward / Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1942)
  • George Pal (1943)
  • Bob Hope / Margaret O'Brien (1944)
  • Republic Studio, Daniel Specify. Bloomberg, and the Republic Building Sound Department / Walter Wanger / The House I Physical In / Peggy Ann Husband (1945)
  • Harold Russell / Laurence Histrion / Ernst Lubitsch / Claude Jarman Jr.

    (1946)

  • James Baskett Annals Thomas Armat, William Nicholas Selig, Albert E. Smith, and Martyr Kirke Spoor / Bill extort Coo / Shoeshine (1947)
  • Walter Wanger / Monsieur Vincent / Sid Grauman / Adolph Zukor (1948)
  • Jean Hersholt / Fred Astaire Maxisingle Cecil B. DeMille / The Bicycle Thief (1949)
  • Louis B.

    Filmmaker / George Murphy / The Walls of Malapaga (1950)

1951–1975
1976–2000