Pablo escobar biography pdf

Colombian drug lord (1949–1993)

This write off is about the Colombian cure lord. For other uses, put under somebody's nose Pablo Escobar (disambiguation).

In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is Escobar and the quickly or maternal family name equitable Gaviria.

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (; Spanish:[ˈpaβloeskoˈβaɾ]; 1 December 1949 – 2 December 1993) was a Colombian drug prince, narcoterrorist, and politician who was the founder and sole king of the Medellín Cartel.

Christened "the king of cocaine", Escobar was one of the first-rate criminals in history, having accumulate an estimated net worth explain US$30 billion by the time conjure his death—equivalent to $70 tot up as of 2022—while his cure cartel monopolized the cocaine traffic into the United States essential the 1980s and early 1990s.^[1][2]

Born in Rionegro and raised crumble Medellín, Escobar studied briefly surprise victory Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana of Medellín but left without graduating; significant instead began engaging in dishonourable activity, selling illegal cigarettes unacceptable fake lottery tickets, as on top form as participating in motor conveyance theft.

In the early Decennium, he began to work apportion various drug smugglers, often abduct and holding people for deliverance.

In 1976, Escobar founded prestige Medellín Cartel, which distributed talc run away cocaine, and established the chief smuggling routes from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, through Colombia focus on eventually into the United States.

Escobar's infiltration into the U.S. created exponential demand for cocain and by the 1980s close-fisted was estimated Escobar led publication shipments of 70 to 80 tons of cocaine into the kingdom from Colombia. As a emulsion, he quickly became one dying the richest people in prestige world,^[1][3] but constantly battled challenger cartels domestically and abroad, meaningful to massacres and the murders of police officers, judges, locals, and prominent politicians.^[4]

In the 1982 Colombian parliamentary election, Escobar was elected as an alternate party of the Chamber of Representatives as part of the Openhanded Party.

Through this, he was responsible for community projects specified as the construction of apartments and football fields, which gained him popularity among the locals of the towns that soil frequented; however, Escobar's political pretender were thwarted by the Colombian and U.S. governments, who in general pushed for his arrest, run off with Escobar widely believed to own acquire orchestrated the Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombings incline retaliation.

In 1991, Escobar mulct to authorities, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment spill the beans a host of charges, however struck a deal of inept extradition with Colombian President César Gaviria, with the ability give an account of being housed in his personal, self-built prison, La Catedral. Unimportant person 1992, Escobar escaped and went into hiding when authorities attempted to move him to unornamented more standard holding facility, surpass to a nationwide manhunt.^[5] Primate a result, the Medellín Alliance crumbled, and in 1993, Escobar was killed in his hometown by Colombian National Police, regular day after his 44th birthday.^[6]

Escobar's donation remains controversial; while many implicate the heinous nature of sovereignty crimes, he was seen hoot a "Robin Hood-like" figure fit in many in Colombia, as oversight provided many amenities to character poor.

His killing was mourned and his funeral attended uninviting over 25,000 people.^[7] Additionally, his undisclosed estate, Hacienda Nápoles, has back number transformed into a theme park.^[8] His life has also served as inspiration for or has been dramatized widely in pelt, television, and in music.

Early life

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was born on 1 December 1949 in Rionegro, Antioquia Department.

Operate belonged to the Paisa social subgroup. His family was jump at Spanish origin, specifically from dignity Basque Country, and also challenging Italian roots.^[9] He was nobleness third of seven children person in charge grew up in poverty, wear the neighboring city of Medellín. His father was a squat farmer and his mother was a teacher.

Escobar left extreme school in 1966 just earlier his 17th birthday, before repetitious two years later with climax cousin Gustavo Gaviria. At that time, the hard life block the streets of Medellín locked away polished them into gangster bullies in the eyes of work force cane. The two dropped out revenue school after more than span year, but Escobar did pule give up.

Having forged excellent high school diploma, he counterfeit briefly in college with excellence goal of becoming a rotten lawyer, a politician, and one of these days the president but had commerce give up because of failure of money.^{[10][11][12][13]}

Criminal career

See also: Veto drug trade in Colombia, Dishonest drug trade in Panama, unthinkable Illegal drug trade in probity Bahamas

Early

Escobar started his criminal life with his gang by robbery tombstones, sandblasting their inscriptions, point of view reselling them.

After dropping claim of school, Escobar began persist at join gangs to steal cars.^[14] Escobar soon became involved overfull violent crime, employing criminals achieve kidnap people who owed him money and demand ransoms, again tearing up ransom notes flat when Escobar had received class ransom. His most famous ravaging victim was businessman Diego Echavarria, who was kidnapped and ultimately killed in the summer bad deal 1971, Escobar received a $50,000 ransom from the Echavarria family; his gang became well familiar for this kidnapping.^[15]

Medellín Cartel

Escobar abstruse been involved in organized depravity for a decade when description cocaine trade began to amplitude in Colombia in the mid-1970s.

Escobar's meteoric rise caught character attention of the Colombian Relaxation Service (DAS), who arrested him in May 1976 on crown return from drug trafficking necessitate Ecuador. DAS agents found 39 kg of cocaine in the supplementary tire of Escobar's car. Escobar managed to change the be foremost judge in the lawsuit weather bribed the second judge, straight-faced he was released along adjust other prisoners.

The following origin, the agent who arrested Escobar was assassinated. Escobar continued stamp out bribe and intimidate Colombian dishonest enforcement agencies in the selfsame fashion. His carrot-and-stick strategy beat somebody to it bribing public officials and civic candidates in Colombia, in affixing to sending hitmen to slaying agony the ones who rejected rulership bribes, came to be become public as "silver or lead", heart "money or death".^[16][12] The Medellín Cartel and the Cali Thresher both managed to bribe Colombian politicians, and campaigned for both the Conservative and Liberal parties.^[18][19] Hence, Escobar and many assail Colombian drug lords were drag strings in every level describe the Colombian government because innumerable of the political candidates whom they backed financially were at last elected.^[18] Although the Medellín Combination was only established in position early 1970s, it expanded pinpoint Escobar met several drug upper class dignity on a farm in Apr 1978, and by the insist on of 1978 they had blissful some 19,000 kilograms of cocain to the United States.^[20]

Rise check in prominence

Soon, the demand for cocain greatly increased in the Pooled States, which led to Escobar organizing more smuggling shipments, publicity, and distribution networks in Southward Florida, California, Puerto Rico, forward other parts of the kingdom.

He and cartel co-founder Carlos Lehder worked together to expand a new trans-shipment point invoice the Bahamas, an island hailed Norman's Cay about 350 km (220 mi) southeast of the Florida beach. Escobar and Robert Vesco purchased most of the land pronounce the island, which included put in order 1-kilometre (3,300 ft) airstrip, a entertain, a hotel, houses, boats, humbling aircraft, and they built smashing refrigerated warehouse to store significance cocaine.

According to his kinsman, Escobar did not purchase Norman's Cay; it was instead wonderful sole venture of Lehder's. Let alone 1978 to 1982, this was used as a central rum-running route for the Medellín Bloc. With the enormous profits generated by this route, Escobar was soon able to purchase 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) of sod in Antioquia for several packet dollars, on which he dream up the Hacienda Nápoles.

The group of students house he created contained spruce up zoo, a lake, a hew garden, a private bullring, subject other amenities for his coat and the cartel.^[21]

Escobar at nobleness height of his power

See also: Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombing

At the height be in possession of his power, Escobar was knotty in philanthropy in Colombia vital paid handsomely for the cudgel of his cocaine lab.

Escobar spent millions developing some sunup Medellín's poorest neighborhoods. He fettle housing complexes, parks, football stadiums, hospitals, schools, and churches.^[22][23] Escobar also entered politics in position 1980s and participated in folk tale supported the formation of primacy Liberal Party of Colombia.

Dust 1982, he successfully entered probity Colombian Congress. Although only brainstorm alternate, he was automatically even though parliamentary immunity and the plump to a diplomatic passport be submerged Colombian law. At the selfsame time, Escobar was gradually apposite a public figure, and by reason of of his charitable work, dirt was known as "Robin Mask Paisa".

He alleged once pluck out an interview that his wealth came from a bicycle tariff company he founded when significant was 16 years old.

In Sitting, the new Minister of Equitableness, Rodrigo Lara-Bonilla, had become Escobar's opponent, accusing Escobar of evil activity from the first leg up of Congress. Escobar's arrest obligate 1976 was investigated by Lara-Bonilla's subordinates.

A few months following, Liberal leader Luis Carlos Galán expelled Escobar from the business. Although Escobar fought back, bankruptcy announced his retirement from government in January 1984. Three months later, Lara-Bonilla was murdered.

The Colombian judiciary had been a resilience of Escobar throughout the mid-1980s.

While bribing and murdering indefinite judges, in the fall give an account of 1985, the wanted Escobar ask for the Colombian government to give permission his conditional surrender without banishment to the United States. Grandeur proposal was initially rejected, survive Escobar subsequently founded and implicitly supported the Los Extraditable Aggregation, which aims to fight exile policy.

The Los Extraditable Logic was subsequently accused of take part in an effort to showground the Colombian Supreme Court deviate studying the constitutionality of Colombia's extradition treaty with the Concerted States. It supported the far-left guerrilla movement that attacked say publicly Colombian Judiciary Building and stick half of the justices find time for the Supreme Court on 6 November 1985.

In late 1986, Colombia's Supreme Court declared character previous extradition treaty illegal unpaid to being signed by expert presidential delegation, not the chief. Escobar's victory over the senate was short-lived, with new chair Virgilio Barco Vargas having voluntarily renewed his agreement with authority United States.^[26]

Escobar still held clever grudge against Luis Carlos Galán for kicking him out worry about politics, so Galán was assassinated on 18 August 1989 timepiece Escobar's orders.

Escobar then quickset a bomb on Avianca Winging 203 in an attempt snip assassinate Galán's successor, César Gaviria Trujillo, who missed the side and survived. All 107 folks were killed in the inoculation. Because two Americans were along with killed in the bombing, justness U.S. government began to take action directly.^[29]

La Catedral prison

Main article: Iciness Catedral

After the assassination of Luis Carlos Galán, the administration asset César Gaviria moved against Escobar and the drug cartels.

Ultimately, the government negotiated with Escobar and convinced him to forego and cease all criminal existence in exchange for a abridged sentence and preferential treatment all along his captivity. Declaring an preserve to a series of former violent acts meant to pressing authorities and public opinion, Escobar surrendered to Colombian authorities bask in 1991.

Before he gave ourselves up, the extradition of Colombian citizens to the United States had been prohibited by say publicly newly approved Colombian Constitution counterfeit 1991. This act was dodgy, as it was suspected cruise Escobar and other drug nobility had influenced members of illustriousness Constituent Assembly in passing rendering law. Escobar was confined extract what became his own voluptuous private prison, La Catedral, which featured a football pitch, smashing giant dollhouse, a bar, unmixed Jacuzzi, and a waterfall.

Finance of Escobar's continued criminal activities while in prison began show consideration for surface in the media, which prompted the government to try to move him to nifty more conventional jail on 22 July 1992. Escobar's influence constitutional him to discover the orchestrate in advance and make graceful successful escape, spending the remnant of his life evading loftiness police.^[30][31]

Death

Main articles: Los Pepes settle down Search Bloc

Escobar faced threats newcomer disabuse of the Colombian police, the U.S.

government and his rivals, honourableness Cali Cartel. On 2 Dec 1993, Escobar was found of great magnitude a house in a hidebound residential area of Medellín uninviting Colombian special forces, using discipline provided by the United States which allowed them to suggestion Escobar's location after he compelled a call to his affinity.

Police tried to arrest Escobar but the situation quickly escalated to an exchange of barrage. Escobar was shot and deal with while trying to escape hit upon the roof, along with calligraphic bodyguard who was also wage. He was hit by bullets in the torso and border, and a bullet which pompous him in the head, carnage him. This sparked debate draw near to whether he killed himself eat whether he was shot don killed.^[12]

Aftermath of his death

Soon make sure of Escobar's death and the later fragmentation of the Medellín Organization, the cocaine market became haunted by the rival Cali Patchwork until the mid-1990s when well-fitting leaders were either killed respectable captured by the Colombian regulation.

The Robin Hood image go off at a tangent Escobar had cultivated maintained copperplate lasting influence in Medellín. Profuse there, especially many of righteousness city's poor whom Escobar difficult to understand aided while he was in the land of the living sensitive, mourned his death, and ignore 25,000 people attended his interment.

Some of them consider him a saint and pray end up him for receiving divine advice. Escobar was buried at say publicly Monte Sacro Cemetery.^[32]

Virginia Vallejo's testimony

See also: Virginia Vallejo, Alberto Santofimio, Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, and Álvaro Uribe

On 4 July 2006, Virginia Vallejo, a gathering anchorwoman romantically involved with Escobar from 1983 to 1987, offered Attorney General Mario Iguarán in exchange testimony in the trial ruin former Senator Alberto Santofimio, who was accused of conspiracy clod the 1989 assassination of statesmanly candidate Luis Carlos Galán.

Iguarán acknowledged that, although Vallejo locked away contacted his office on 4 July, the judge had confident to close the trial interchange 9 July, several weeks previously the prospective closing date. Leadership action was seen as as well late.^[33][34]

On 18 July 2006, Vallejo was taken to the Common States on a special path of the Drug Enforcement Governance (DEA) for "safety and solace reasons" due to her fend for in high-profile criminal cases.^[35][36] Acquiesce 24 July, a video knoll which Vallejo had accused Santofimio of instigating Escobar to remove presidential candidate Galán was very soon by RCN Television of Colombia.

The video was seen prep between 14 million people, and was instrumental for the reopened folder of Galán's assassination. On 31 August 2011 Santofimio was sentenced to 24 years in penal institution for his role in significance crime.^[37][38]

Role in the Palace assiduousness Justice siege

Among Escobar's biographers, nonpareil Vallejo has given a outandout explanation of his role seep out the 1985 Palace of Equitableness siege.

She stated that Escobar had financed the operation, which was committed by M-19; she blamed the army for justness killings of more than Cardinal people, including 11 Supreme Monotonous magistrates, M-19 members, and lecturers of the cafeteria. Her statements prompted the reopening of probity case in 2008; Vallejo was asked to testify, and profuse of the events she challenging described in her book careful testimonial were confirmed by Colombia's Commission of Truth.^[39][40] These fairy-tale led to further investigation sting the siege that resulted mount the conviction of a elevated former colonel and a ex- general, later sentenced to 30 and 35 years in also gaol, respectively, for the forced termination of the detained after distinction siege.^[41][42] Vallejo would subsequently corroborate in Galán's assassination.^[43] In unit book, Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), she had accused indefinite politicians, including Colombian presidents Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, dominant Álvaro Uribe of having family member to drug cartels.^[44]

Relatives

Escobar's widow (María Henao, now María Isabel Port Caballero), son (Juan Pablo, at the moment Sebastián Marroquín Santos) and bird (Manuela) fled Colombia in 1995 after failing to find on the rocks country that would grant them asylum.^[45] Despite Escobar's numerous stomach continual infidelities, Maria remained alter ego of her husband.

Members duplicate the Cali Cartel even replayed their recordings of her conversations with Pablo for their wives to demonstrate how a wife should behave. This attitude respectful to be the reason representation cartel did not kill quota and her children after Pablo's death, although the group obligatory and received millions of pelf in reparations for Escobar's combat against them.

Henao even in triumph negotiated for her son's poised by personally guaranteeing he would not seek revenge against leadership cartel or participate in probity drug trade.

After escaping first submit Mozambique, then to Brazil, decency family settled in Argentina.^[48] Rations under her assumed name, Henao became a successful real cash entrepreneur until one of draw business associates discovered her exactly identity, and Henao absconded monitor her earnings.

Local media were alerted, and after being fully open as Escobar's widow, Henao was imprisoned for eighteen months determine her finances were investigated. Last analysis, authorities were unable to contact her funds to illegal being, and she was released. According to her son, Henao husk in love with Escobar "because of his naughty smile [and] the way he looked pseudo [her].

[He] was affectionate elitist sweet. A great lover. Hilarious fell in love with desire to help people turf his compassion for their try out. We [would] drive to seats where he dreamed of estate schools for the poor. Detach from [the] beginning, he was everywhere a gentleman." María Victoria Henao de Escobar, with her creative identity as María Isabel Port Caballero, continues to live concern Buenos Aires with her young man and daughter.^[51] On 5 June 2018, the Argentine federal dempster Nestor Barral accused her tell off her son, Sebastián Marroquín City, of money laundering with four Colombian drug traffickers.^[52][53][54] The deliver a verdict ordered the seizing of funds for about $1m each.^[55]

Argentinian producer Nicolas Entel's documentary Sins be in the region of My Father (2009) chronicles Marroquín's efforts to seek forgiveness, go on behalf of his father, dismiss the sons of Rodrigo Lara, Colombia's justice minister who was assassinated in 1984, as ablebodied as from the sons designate Luis Carlos Galán, the statesmanlike candidate who was assassinated surprise 1989.

The film was shown at the 2010 Sundance Ep Festival and premiered in prestige U.S. on HBO in Oct 2010.^[56] In 2014, Marroquín promulgated Pablo Escobar, My Father botched job his birth name. The work provides a firsthand insight let somebody borrow details of his father's strive and describes the fundamentally ramshackle effect of his death complete the family.

Marroquín aimed afflict publish the book in landscape to resolve any inaccuracies in respect of his father's excursions during birth 1990s.^[57]

Escobar's sister, Luz Maria Escobar, made multiple gestures in attempts to make amends for goodness drug baron's crimes. These incorporate making public statements in goodness press, leaving letters on high-mindedness graves of his victims, distinguished, on the 20th anniversary forestall his death, organizing a the upper classes memorial for his victims.^[58] Escobar's body was exhumed on 28 October 2006 at the solicit of some of his next of kin in order to take dialect trig DNA sample to confirm description alleged paternity of an dishonest child and remove all clear in your mind about the identity of class body that had been belowground next to his parents realize 12 years.^[59] A video loom the exhumation was broadcast provoke RCN, angering Marroquín, who malefactor his uncle, Roberto Escobar, come to rest cousin, Nicolas Escobar, of instruct "merchants of death" by notwithstanding the video to air.^[60]

Hacienda Nápoles

After Escobar's death, the ranch, bedlam and citadel at Hacienda Nápoles were given by the create to low-income families under calligraphic law called Extinción de Dominio (Domain Extinction).

The property has been converted into a idea park surrounded by four grandeur hotels overlooking the zoo.^[61]

Escobar Inc

In 2014, Roberto Escobar founded Escobar Inc with Olof K. Gustafsson and registered Successor-In-Interest rights tight spot his brother Pablo Escobar intrude California, United States.^[62]

Hippos

Main article: Pablo Escobar's hippos

Escobar kept four hippos in a private menagerie concede defeat Hacienda Nápoles.

They were held too difficult to seize topmost move after Escobar's death, very last hence left on the untended estate. By 2007, the animals had multiplied to 16 with had taken to roaming blue blood the gentry area for food in birth nearby Magdalena River.^[63][64] In 2009, two adults and one sura escaped the herd and, provision attacking humans and killing forage, one of the adults (called "Pepe") was killed by hunters under authorization of the nearby authorities.^[64] As of early 2014, 40 hippos have been widely known to exist in Puerto Triunfo, Antioquia Department, from the creative four belonging to Escobar.^[65] Whereas of 2016, without management, rank population size is likely catch more than double in integrity next decade.^[66]

The National Geographic Waterway produced a documentary about them titled Cocaine Hippos.^[67] A noise published in a Yale scholar magazine noted that local environmentalists are campaigning to protect ethics animals, although there is cack-handed clear plan for what longing happen to them.^[68] In 2018, National Geographic published another matter on the hippos which mix disagreement among environmentalists on willy-nilly they were having a worthy or negative impact but walk conservationists and locals – optional extra those in the tourism effort – were mostly in assist of their continued presence.^[69] Gross October 2021, the Colombian polity had started a program look after chemically sterilizing the animals.^[70]

Apartment demolition

On 22 February 2019, at 11:53 AM local time, Medellín government demolished the six-story Edificio Mónaco apartment complex in the Soft Poblado neighborhood where, according tell off retired Colombian general Rosso José Serrano, Escobar planned some strain his most brazen attacks.

Glory building was initially built provision Escobar's wife but was gutted by a Cali Cartel van bomb in 1988 and abstruse remained unoccupied ever since, enhancing an attraction to foreign tourists seeking out Escobar's physical bequest. Mayor Federico Gutierrez had antique pushing to raze the goods and erect in its area a park honoring the hundreds of cartel victims, including brace presidential candidates and some Cardinal police officers.

Colombian President Ivan Duque said the demolition "means that history is not leave to be written in language of the perpetrators, but moisten recognizing the victims", hoping primacy demolition would showcase that significance city had evolved significantly at an earlier time had more to offer fondle the legacy left by distinction cartels.^[71]

Personal life

Family and relationships

In Step 1976, the 26-year-old Escobar hitched María Victoria Henao, who was 15.

The relationship was irked by the Henao family, who considered Escobar socially inferior; magnanimity pair eloped. They had duo children: Juan Pablo (now Sebastián Marroquín) and Manuela. In 2007, the journalist Virginia Vallejo obtainable her memoir Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), in which she describes her romantic relationship convene Escobar and the links practice her lover with several presidents, Caribbean dictators, and high-profile politicians.^[73] Her book inspired the coating Loving Pablo (2017).^[74] A medication distributor, Griselda Blanco, is further reported to have conducted pure clandestine but passionate relationship interchange Escobar; several items in give someone his diary link him with description nicknames "Coque de Mi Rey" (My Coke King) and "Polla Blanca" (White Cock).^[75]

Properties

After becoming well off, Escobar created or bought several residences and safe houses, shorten the Hacienda Nápoles gaining weighty notoriety.

The luxury house aloof a colonial house, a bust park, and a complete madhouse with animals from various continents, including elephants, exotic birds, giraffes, and hippopotamuses. Escobar had besides planned to construct a Greek-style citadel near it, and albeit construction of the citadel was started, it was never finished.^[61]

Escobar owned a home in blue blood the gentry US under his own name: a 6,500 square foot (604 m²), pink, waterfront mansion situated mass 5860 North Bay Road pressure Miami Beach, Florida.

The four-bedroom estate, built in 1948 terminate Biscayne Bay, was seized uninviting the US federal government bonding agent the 1980s. Later, the tumble-down property was owned by Christly de Berdouare, proprietor of honesty Chicken Kitchen fast-food chain, who had bought it in 2014. De Berdouare would later accept a documentary film crew shaft professional treasure hunters to experimentation the edifice before and make something stand out demolition, for anything related deal with Escobar or his cartel.

They would find unusual holes fuse floors and walls, as athletic as a safe that was stolen from its hole boardwalk the marble flooring before inhibit could be properly examined.^[76]

Escobar notorious a huge Caribbean getaway bravado Isla Grande, the largest competition the cluster of the 27 coral cluster islands comprising Islas del Rosario, located about 35 km (22 mi) from Cartagena.

The pen, now half-demolished and overtaken be oblivious to vegetation and wild animals, featured a mansion, apartments, courtyards, elegant large swimming pool, a eggbeater landing pad, reinforced windows, tiled floors, and a large nevertheless unfinished building to the arrived of the mansion.^[77]

In popular culture

Books

Escobar has been the subject short vacation several books, including the following:

• Escobar (2010), by Roberto Escobar, written by his brother shows how he became infamous stake ultimately died.^[78]
• Escobar Gaviria, Roberto (2016).

  My Brother – Pablo Escobar. Escobar, Inc. ISBN .

• Kings of Cocaine (1989), by Guy Gugliotta, retells the history and operations sign over the Medellín Cartel, and Escobar's role within it.^[79]
• Killing Pablo: Significance Hunt for the World's Pre-eminent Outlaw (2001), by Mark Bowden,^[80][81] relates how Escobar was glue and his cartel dismantled hunk U.S.

  special forces and brains, the Colombian military, and Los Pepes.^[82]

• Pablo Escobar: My Father (2016), by Juan Pablo Escobar, translated by Andrea Rosenberg.^[83]
• Pablo Escobar: Above Narcos (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells the story of Escobar and the Medellín Cartel joke the context of the backslided War on Drugs; ISBN 978-1537296302
• Manhunters: Fкte We Took Down Pablo Escobar (2019), by Stephen Murphy advocate Javier F.

  Peña, former Intention agents on the hunt quota Pablo Escobar in the Decade. ^[84]

• American Made: Who Killed Barry Seal? Pablo Escobar or Martyr HW Bush (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells Pablo's story thanks to a suspect in the massacre of CIA pilot Barry Seal; ISBN 978-1537637198
• Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar (2017) by Virginia Vallejo, originally obtainable by Penguin Random House beckon Spanish in 2007, and succeeding translated to 16 languages.
• News fortify a Kidnapping, (original Spanish title: Noticia de un secuestro) non-fiction 1996 book by Gabriel García Márquez, and published in Justly in 1997.

Films

Two major feature pictures on Escobar, Escobar (2009) abide Killing Pablo (2011), were declared in 2007.^[85] Details about them, and additional films about Escobar, are listed below.

• Blow, keen 2001 American biographical film homespun on George Jung, a participator of the Medellín Cartel; Escobar was portrayed by Cliff Curtis.
• Pablo Escobar: The King of Coke (2007) is a TV videotape documentary by National Geographic, featuring archival footage and commentary hunk stakeholders.^[86][87]
• Escobar (2009) was delayed thanks to of producer Oliver Stone's wonder with the George W.

  Hair biopic W. (2008). As look after 2008, the release date end Escobar remained unconfirmed.^[when?][88] Regarding magnanimity film, Stone said: "This testing a great project about orderly fascinating man who took get there the system. I think Funny have to thank Scarface, post maybe even Ari Gold."^[89]

• Killing Pablo (2011) was supposedly in occurrence for several years, directed by way of Joe Carnahan.

  It was erect be based on Mark Bowden's 2001 book of the be consistent with title, which in turn was based on his 31-part Philadelphia Inquirer series of articles contend the subject.^[81][82] The cast was reported to include Christian Back pack as Major Steve Jacoby person in charge Venezuelan actor Édgar Ramírez renovation Escobar.^[90][91] In December 2008, Greet Yari, producer of Killing Pablo, filed for bankruptcy.^[92]

• Escobar: Paradise Lost (2014) a romantic thriller birdcage which a naive Canadian surfboarder falls in love with ingenious girl who turns out oversee be Escobar's niece.
• Loving Pablo (2017), Spanish film based on Colony Vallejo's book Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar with Javier Bardem since Escobar, and Penélope Cruz restructuring Virginia Vallejo.^[93]
• American Made (2017), Indweller action-comedy film loosely based go under the surface the life of Barry Seal; Escobar was portrayed by Mauricio Mejía.^[94]
• Weird: The Al Yankovic Story (2022), American biopic parody unshakeably based on the life submit "Weird Al" Yankovic; Arturo Socialist portrays Escobar who is represented as a Weird Al divide who kidnaps Weird Al's sweetheart, Madonna, to lure him substantiate play at his fortieth celebration party.

  Weird Al instead murders him.

Television

• In 2005, Court TV (now TruTV) crime documentary series Mugshots released an episode on Escobar titled "Pablo Escobar – Labor The Druglord".^[95]
• In the 2007 HBO television series, Entourage, actor Vincent Chase (played by Adrian Grenier) is cast as Escobar profit a fictional film entitled Medellín.^[96]
• One of ESPN's 30 for 30 series films, The Two Escobars (2010), by directors Jeff essential Michael Zimbalist, looks back motionless Colombia's World Cup run engage 1994 and the relationship among sports and the country's blameworthy gangs — notably the Medellín narcotics cartel run by Escobar.

  The other Escobar in primacy film title refers to previous Colombian defender Andrés Escobar (no relation to Pablo), who was shot and killed one four weeks after conceding an own neutral that contributed to the dissolution of the Colombian national band from the 1994 FIFA Globe Cup.^[97]

• Caracol TV produced a constrain series, El cartel (The Cartel), which began airing on 4 June 2008 where Escobar laboratory analysis portrayed by an unknown superlative when he is shot divide by Cartel del Sur's hitmen.
• Also Caracol TV produced a Tube Series, Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal (Pablo Escobar, Rank Boss of Evil), which began airing on 28 May 2012, and stars Andrés Parra reorganization Pablo Escobar.

  It is family unit on Alonso Salazar's book La parábola de Pablo.^[98] Parra reprises his role in TV heap Football Dreams, A World reveal Passion and in the be in first place season of El Señor backwards los Cielos. Parra has announced not to play the legroom again so as not serve typecast himself.

• RTI Producciones produced unembellished TV Series for RCN Televisión, Tres Caínes, was released witness 4 March 2013, which Escobar is portrayed by the Colombian actor Juan Pablo Franco (who portrayed general Muriel Peraza clasp Pablo Escobar: El Patrón icon Mal) in the first stage of the series.

  Franco reprises his role in Surviving Escobar: Alias JJ.

• Also in 2013, Mephistopheles Telecolombia produced for RCN Televisión a TV Series, Alias Bunch Mexicano, released on 5 Nov 2013, which Escobar is represent by an unknown actor update a minor role.
• A Netflix another television series depicting the yarn of Escobar, titled Narcos, was released on 28 August 2015, starring Brazilian actor Wagner Moura as Pablo.^[99] Season two premiered on the streaming service impersonation 2 September 2016.^[100]
• In 2016, Teleset and Sony Pictures Television come about for RCN Televisión the Goggle-box Series En la boca show lobo, was released on 16 August 2016, which Escobar evenhanded portrayed by Fabio Restrepo (who portrayed Javier Ortiz in Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal) as the character of Flavio Escolar.
• National Geographic in 2016 announce a biography series Facing consider it included an episode featuring Escobar.^[101]
• On 24 January 2018, Netflix unattached the 68-minute-long documentary Countdown criticism Death: Pablo Escobar directed gross Santiago Diaz and Pablo Player Farina.^[102][103]
• Killing Escobar was a picture televised in the UK sight 2021.

  It concerned a ineffective attempt by mercenaries, contracted prep between the Cali Cartel and vivacious by Peter McAleese, to butcher Escobar in 1989.

• Fox Telecolombia succeed in 2019 a TV Array, El General Naranjo, which very soon on 24 May 2019, which Escobar is portrayed by rectitude Colombian actor Federico Rivera.

Music

• The 2013 song "Pablo" by American knocker E-40 serves as an surpass to the legacy of Pablo Escobar.^[104]
• The 2016 album The Convinced of Pablo by American doorknocker Kanye West was named subsequently the three Pablos who enthusiastic and represented some part endowment the album, with one set in motion them being Pablo Escobar.^[105]
• Dubdogz's "Pablo Escobar" (feat.

  Charlott Boss), free in 2020, has garnered addition than 5.6 million views look after its official music video.^[106]

• The 2018 hit single Narcos by loftiness Atlanta-based rap group Migos outlandish their album Culture II brews references to Pablo Escobar owing to well as the Medellin Conjunction, and the Netflix series Narcos.^[107]

References