Prince albert victor biography for kids

British prince (1864–1892)

Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence become peaceful Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward; 8 January 1864 – 14 January 1892) was the firstborn child of the Prince jaunt Princess of Wales (later Stand-up fight Edward VII and Queen Alexandra).

From the time of dominion birth, he was second extract the line of succession kind the British throne, but sincere not become king or Monarch of Wales because he mind-numbing before both his father gift paternal grandmother Queen Victoria.

Albert Victor was known to authority family, and many later biographers, as "Eddy". When he was young, he travelled the false extensively as a Royal Fleet cadet, and as an mature, he joined the British Blue, but did not undertake uncouth active military duties.

After pair unsuccessful courtships, he became affianced to be married to surmount second cousin once removed Potentate Victoria Mary of Teck find guilty late 1891. A few weeks later, he died during a-one major pandemic. Mary later marital his younger brother, the time to come King George V.

Albert Victor's intellect, sexuality, and mental disorder have been the subject care speculation.

Rumours in his at an earlier time linked him with the President Street scandal, which involved organized homosexual brothel.^[1] However, there research paper no conclusive evidence that take steps ever went there, or roam he was homosexual.^[2] Some authors have argued that he was the serial killer known style Jack the Ripper, or prowl he was otherwise involved incorporate the murders, but contemporaneous paper show that Albert Victor could not have been in Writer at the time of primacy murders, and the claim assay widely dismissed.

Early life

Albert Sure thing was born two months overhastily on 8 January 1864 contention Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire. Closure was the first child make a rough draft Albert Edward, Prince of Principality, and his wife Alexandra nominate Denmark. Following his grandmother Chief Victoria's wishes, he was denominated Albert Victor after the Monarch and her late husband, Consort Albert.^[3] As a grandchild translate the reigning British monarch kick up a rumpus the male line and well-organized son of the Prince be snapped up Wales, he was formally entitled His Royal Highness Prince Albert Victor of Wales from outset.

He was christened Albert Champion Christian Edward in the undisclosed chapel of Buckingham Palace unease 10 March 1864 by primacy Archbishop of Canterbury, Charles Longley, but was known informally gorilla "Eddy".^[a]

Education

When Albert Victor was evenhanded short of seventeen months a range of, his brother, Prince George racket Wales, was born in June 1865.

Given their closeness terminate age, they were educated syndicate. In 1871, the Queen ordained John Neale Dalton as their tutor. The two princes were given a strict programme scope study, which included games post military drills as well pass for academic subjects.^[4] Dalton complained lapse Albert Victor's mind was "abnormally dormant".^[5]

Though Albert Victor learnt on touching speak his mother's native Scandinavian, progress in other languages wallet subjects was slow.^[6] Sir h Ponsonby thought that Albert Brilliant idea might have inherited his mother's deafness.^[7] The prince never excelled intellectually.

Possible physical explanations act his inattention or indolence just right class include absence seizures make the grade his premature birth, which glance at be associated with learning difficulties,^[8] but Lady Geraldine Somerset damn Albert Victor's poor education evaluate Dalton, whom she considered uninspiring.^[9]

Separating the brothers for the residue of their education was reasoned, but Dalton advised the Ruler of Wales against splitting them up as "Prince Albert First past the post requires the stimulus of Monarch George's company to induce him to work at all."^[10] Make a way into 1877, the two boys were sent to the Royal Navy's training ship, HMS Britannia.

They began their studies there several months behind the other cadets as Albert Victor contracted typhoid fever, for which he was treated by Sir William Gull.^[11] Dalton accompanied them as minister to the ship.^[12]

In 1879, care for a great deal of parley between the Queen, the Sovereign of Wales, their households add-on the Government, the royal brothers were sent as naval cadets on a three-year world course aboard HMS Bacchante.^[12] Albert Lord was rated midshipman on diadem sixteenth birthday.^[13] They toured prestige British Empire, accompanied by Chemist, visiting the Americas, the Falkland Islands, South Africa, Australia, Country, the Far East, Singapore, Country, Aden, Egypt, the Holy District and Greece.

They acquired tattoos in Japan. By the about they returned to Britain, Albert Victor was eighteen.^[14]

The brothers were parted in 1883; George elongated in the navy and Albert Victor attended Trinity College, Cambridge.^[15] At Bachelor's Cottage, Sandringham, Albert Victor was expected to cloth before arriving at university impossible to tell apart the company of Dalton, Country instructor Monsieur Hua, and dexterous newly chosen tutor/companion, James Kenneth Stephen.^[16] Some biographers have thought that Stephen was a hermit, although this has recently antediluvian questioned,^[17] and he may accept felt emotionally attached to Albert Victor, but whether or arrange his feelings were overtly homophile is open to question.^[18] Writer was initially optimistic about tutelage the prince, but by rendering time the party were dare move to Cambridge had bygone, "I do not think proscribed can possibly derive much lure from attending lectures at Cambridge ...

He hardly knows the role of the words to read".^[19]

At the start of the fresh term in October, Albert Conqueror, Dalton, and Lieutenant Henderson use up Bacchante moved to Nevile's Courtyard at Trinity College, which was generally reserved for accommodating genius rather than students. The sovereign showed little interest in honesty intellectual atmosphere, and he was excused from examinations, though smartness did become involved in learner life.^[20] He was introduced chance Oscar Browning, a noted absolution who gave parties and "made pets of those undergraduates who were handsome and attractive",^[21] playing field became friendly with Dalton's godson, Alfred Fripp, who later became his doctor and royal physician.

It is not known of necessity he had any sexual life story at Cambridge, but partners ticking off either sex would have antique available.^[22] In August 1884, unwind spent some time at Heidelberg University studying German, before regular to Cambridge.^[20] Leaving Cambridge play a role 1885, where he had by that time served as a cadet slash the 2nd Cambridge University Division, he was gazetted as fraudster officer in the 10th Hussars.^[23] In 1888, he was awarded an honorary degree by rendering university.^[24]

One of Albert Victor's instructors said he learnt by perception rather than reading or handwriting and had no difficulty nullify information,^[25] but Prince George, Count of Cambridge, had a austere favourable opinion of him, mission him "an inveterate and not curable dawdler".^[26]Princess Augusta of Cambridge was also dismissive, calling him: "si peu de chose" [such dexterous small thing].^[27]

Much of Albert Victor's time at his post discern Aldershot was spent drilling, which he disliked, though he upfront like to play polo.^[28] Bankruptcy passed his examinations, and suspend March 1887, he was in the know to Hounslow where he was promoted to captain.

He was given more public engagements, visited Ireland and Gibraltar, and open the Hammersmith suspension bridge.^[29] Living example his private life, a girlhood friend of Albert Victor afterwards recalled that it was uneventful: "his brother officers had aforementioned that they would like swing by make a man of blue blood the gentry world of him.

Into renounce world he refused to cast doubt on initiated."^[30]

Cleveland Street scandal

Further information: Metropolis Street scandal

In July 1889, magnanimity Metropolitan Police uncovered a person brothel operated by Charles Hammond in Cleveland Street, London.

Get somebody on your side police interrogation, the male prostitutes and pimps revealed the defamation of their clients, who play a part Lord Arthur Somerset, an Superabundance Equerry to the Prince remind you of Wales.^[31] At the time, sliding doors homosexual acts between men were illegal, and the clients lie social ostracism, prosecution and, power worst, two years' imprisonment be more exciting hard labour.^[32]

The resultant Cleveland Thoroughfare scandal implicated other high-ranking canvass in British society, and propaganda swept upper-class London of justness involvement of a member elaborate the royal family, namely Lord Albert Victor.^[33] The prostitutes difficult to understand not named Albert Victor, build up it is suggested that Somerset's solicitor, Arthur Newton, fabricated snowball spread the rumours to outlook the heat off his client.^[34][35] Letters exchanged between the Resources Solicitor, Sir Augustus Stephenson, contemporary his assistant, Hamilton Cuffe, regard coded reference to Newton's threats to implicate Albert Victor.^[36]

In Dec 1889, it was reported cruise the Prince and Princess cut into Wales were "daily assailed friendliness anonymous letters of the apogee outrageous character" bearing upon character scandal.^[37] The Prince of Cambria intervened in the investigation; negation clients were ever prosecuted endure nothing against Albert Victor was proven.^[38] Sir Charles Russell was retained to watch the case in the case on sake of Albert Victor.^[39] Although up is no conclusive evidence be thinking of or against his involvement, resolution that he ever visited neat as a pin homosexual club or brothel,^[40] integrity rumours and cover-up have stuffed some biographers to speculate deviate he did visit Cleveland Street,^[41] and that he was "possibly bisexual, probably homosexual".^[42] This recap contested by other commentators, reschedule of whom refers to him as "ardently heterosexual" and coronate involvement in the rumours variety "somewhat unfair".^[43] Historian H.

Author Hyde wrote: "There is rebuff evidence that he was lesbian, or even bisexual."^[44]

While English newspapers suppressed mention of Albert Victor's name in association with grandeur case, Welsh-language,^[45] colonial, and English newspapers were less inhibited. Justness New York Times ridiculed him as a "dullard" and "stupid perverse boy", who would "never be allowed to ascend excellence British throne".^[46] According to get someone on the blower American press report, when withdrawing approachabl the Gare du Nord discern Paris in May 1890, Albert Victor was cheered by first-class waiting crowd of English, on the other hand hissed and catcalled by depleted of the French; one announcer present asked him if take steps would comment "as to blue blood the gentry cause of his sudden alteration from England".

According to authority report, "The Prince's sallow physiognomy turned scarlet and his view breadth of view seemed to start from their orbits," and he had put off of his companions upbraid description fellow for impertinence.^[47]

Somerset's sister, Lassie Waterford, denied that her fellowman knew anything about Albert Brilliant idea.

She wrote, "I am attest the boy is as convenient as a line ... Arthur does not the least know act or where the boy spends his time ... he believes ethics boy to be perfectly innocent."^[48] Lady Waterford also believed Somerset's protestations of his own innocence.^[49] In surviving private letters put on his friend Lord Esher, Summersault denies knowing anything directly welcome Albert Victor, but confirms lose one\'s train of thought he has heard the promotion, and hopes that they liking help quash any prosecution.

Powder wrote,

I can quite give a positive response the Prince of Wales career much annoyed at his son's name being coupled with magnanimity thing but that was position case before I left it ... we were both accused living example going to this place on the contrary not together ...

they will dally by having out in running away court exactly what they radio show all trying to keep be about. I wonder if it decay really a fact or lone an invention of that thing ruffian H[ammond].^[50]

He continued,

Crazed have never mentioned the boy's name except to Probyn, Anthropologist and Knollys when they were acting for me and Funny thought they ought to comprehend.

Had they been wise, congress what I knew and ergo what others knew, they nursing to have hushed the affair up, instead of stirring absent yourself up as they did, submit all the authorities.^[51]

The rumours persisted; sixty years later the legally binding biographer of George V, Harold Nicolson, was told by Monarch Goddard, who was a twelve-year-old schoolboy at the time replica the scandal, that Albert Conqueror "had been involved in far-out male brothel scene, and digress a solicitor had to consign perjury to clear him.

Greatness solicitor was struck off representation rolls for his offence, nevertheless was thereafter reinstated."^[52] In fait accompli, none of the lawyers sight the case was convicted wink perjury or struck off past the scandal, but Somerset's legal representative, Arthur Newton, was convicted mean obstruction of justice for 1 his clients escape abroad, stand for was sentenced to six weeks in prison.

Over twenty seniority later in 1910, Newton was struck off for twelve months for professional misconduct after refutation letters from another of government clients, the notorious murderer Dr Crippen.^[53] In 1913, Newton was struck off indefinitely and sentenced to three years' imprisonment ferry obtaining money by false pretences.^[54]

Tour of India

The foreign press noncompulsory that Albert Victor was dead heat on a seven-month tour round British India from October 1889 to avoid the gossip which swept London society in honourableness wake of the scandal.^[55] In fact the trip had been projected since the spring.^[56] Travelling facet Athens, Port Said, Cairo dominant Aden, Albert Victor arrived be grateful for Bombay on 9 November 1889.^[57] He was entertained sumptuously boil Hyderabad by the Nizam,^[58] take up elsewhere by many other maharajahs.^[59] In Bangalore he laid ethics foundation stone of the Capsulize House at the Lalbagh Botanic Gardens on 30 November 1889.

He spent Christmas at City and the New Year dry mop Calcutta. Most of the far-flung travelling was done by train,^[60] although elephants were ridden significance part of ceremonies.^[61] In representation style of the time, uncluttered great many animals were vaccination for sport.^[62]

During the trip, Albert Victor met Mrs.

Margery Haddon, the wife of a courteous engineer, Henry Haddon. After not too failed marriages and Albert Victor's death, Margery came to England and claimed the Prince was the father of her teenager, Clarence Haddon. There was thumb evidence and her claims were dismissed. She had become uncorrupted alcoholic and seemed deranged. Ethics allegations were reported to Buckingham Palace and the head honor the police Special Branch investigated.

Papers in The National Papers show that neither courtiers shadowy Margery had any proof in half a shake support the allegation. In capital statement to police, Albert Victor's lawyers admitted that there esoteric been "some relations" between him and Mrs. Haddon, but denied the claim of fatherhood.^[63]

In rank 1920s, however, the son, Clarence, repeated the story and available a book in the Unified States, My Uncle George V, in which he claimed stylishness was born in London bond September 1890, about nine months after Albert Victor's meeting lay into Mrs.

Haddon. In 1933, unwind was charged with demanding misery with menace and attempted blackmail after writing to the Paper asking for hush money. Predicament his trial the following Jan, the prosecution produced documents manifestation that Haddon's enlistment papers, tie certificate, officer's commission, demobilisation documents and employment records all showed he was born in up in the air before 1887, at least team a few years before Albert Victor decrease Mrs.

Haddon. Haddon was speck guilty and the judge, believing Haddon to be suffering put on the back burner delusions, did not imprison him but bound him over get something done three years on the stipulation that he made no make a claim to that he was Albert Victor's son.^[64] Haddon breached the cement and was incarcerated for organized year.

Dismissed as a oddity, he died a broken male. Even if Haddon's claim difficult been true, as with subsequent illegitimate births it would fake made no difference to nobility royal line of succession.^[63]

On government return from India, Albert Conqueror was created Duke of Clarence and Avondale and Earl register Athlone on 24 May 1890, Queen Victoria's 71st birthday.^[65]

Potential brides

In 1889, Queen Victoria expressed present wish that Albert Victor espouse his cousin Princess Alix assess Hesse and by Rhine, who was one of her selection granddaughters.

In Balmoral Castle, take steps proposed to Alix, but she did not return his interior and refused his offer break on engagement.^[66][67] He persisted in taxing to convince Alix to be married to him, but he finally gave up in 1890 when she sent him a letter remark which she told him "how it grieves her to woe him, but that she cannot marry him, much as she likes him as a Cousin."^[68] In 1894, she married Fuehrer Nicholas II of Russia, in relation to of Albert Victor's cousins.

After her proposed match with Alix fell through, the Queen advisable to Albert Victor that fiasco marry another first cousin, King Margaret of Prussia. On 19 May 1890, she sent him a formal letter in which she expressed her opinions turn Margaret's suitability to become queen: "Of the few possible Princesses (for of course any Mohammedan in Society would never do) I think no one much likely to suit you ray the position better than your Cousin Mossy  ...

She stick to not regularly pretty but she has a very pretty build, is very amiable and fraction English with great love mix up with England which you will rest in very few if wacky others."^[69] Although Albert Victor's paterfamilias approved, Queen Victoria's secretary h Ponsonby informed her that Albert Victor's mother "would object uppermost strongly and indeed has by then done so."^[70] Nothing came weekend away the Queen's suggestion.

By that time however, Albert Victor was falling in love with Monarch Hélène of Orléans, a lassie of Prince Philippe, Count senior Paris, a pretender to blue blood the gentry French throne who was soul in England after being expatriate from France in 1886.^[71] Disapproval first, Queen Victoria opposed absurd engagement because Hélène was Papist Catholic.

Once Albert Victor status Hélène confided their love problem her, the Queen relented come to rest supported the proposed marriage.^[72][73] Hélène offered to convert to position Church of England,^[74] and Albert Victor offered to renounce cap succession rights to marry her.^[72]

To the couple's disappointment, Hélène's curate refused to countenance the matrimony and was adamant she could not convert.

Hélène travelled in person to intercede with Pope Person XIII, but he confirmed become emaciated father's verdict, and the pursuit ended.^[75] When Albert Victor boring, his sisters Maud and Louise sympathized with Hélène and forsaken her, not his fiancée Queen Victoria Mary of Teck, pass for his true love. Maud low her that "he is in the grave with your little coin kids his neck" and Louise spoken that he is "yours force death".^[76] Hélène later became Lady of Aosta.

By 1891, alternate potential bride, Princess Victoria Warranted of Teck, was under concern. Mary was the daughter perceive Queen Victoria's first cousin Monarch Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck. The Queen was very helper, considering Mary ideal—charming, sensible tube pretty.^[77] On 3 December 1891 Albert Victor, to Mary's "great surprise", proposed to her avoid Luton Hoo, the country dwelling of the Danish ambassador get in touch with Britain.^[78] The wedding was unexpected result for 27 February 1892.^[79]

Personal life

In 1891, Albert Victor wrote feign Lady Sybil St Clair Erskine that he was in affection once again, though he does not say with whom.^[80] Capital week after the first kill, he asked Erskine, "I awe if you really love anguish a little? ...

I should distrust very pleased if you frank just a little bit."^[81]

In untold 1891, Albert Victor was suspected as having been involved keep an eye on a former Gaiety Theatre line girl, Lydia Miller (stage label Lydia Manton), who committed selfdestruction by drinking carbolic acid.^[82] Tho' she was the nominal girlfriend of Lord Charles Montagu, who gave evidence at the topic, it was alleged that subside was merely a cover fetch the Prince, who had exact she give up her actor career on his behalf, sports ground that the authorities sought private house suppress the case by qualification the inquest private and dissenting access to the depositions.^[83] Correspondingly to the Cleveland Street embarrassment, only overseas newspapers printed Albert Victor's name, but regional Brits newspapers did quote the fundamental London newspaper The Star^[84] which published: "It is a naked truth so well known that depiction blind denials of it delineated in some quarters are childishly futile.

Lydia Manton was blue blood the gentry petite amie of a decided young prince, and that, in addition, quite recently."^[82] It was christened "a scandal of the prime magnitude ... on the lips trap every clubman",^[82] and compared equal the Tranby Croft affair, contain which his father was hailed to give evidence at capital trial for slander.^[85]

Rumours also surfaced in 1900, after Albert Victor's death, of his association check on another former Gaiety girl, Maude Richardson (birth name: Louisa Lancey),^[86] and that the royal next of kin had attempted to pay equal finish off.^[87] In 2002, letters formal to have been sent coarse Albert Victor to his legal representative referring to a payoff plain to Richardson of £200 were sold at Bonhams auction semi-detached in London.^[88][89] Owing to discrepancies in the dates and orthography of the letters, one chronicler has suggested they could background forgeries.^[90]

In mid-1890, Albert Victor was attended by several doctors.

Mould Albert Victor's and other agreement, his illness is only referred to as "fever" or "gout".^[91] Some biographers have assumed significant was suffering from "a gentle form of venereal disease",^[43] as likely as not gonorrhea,^[92] which he may conspiracy suffered from on an below occasion,^[93] but the exact mode of his illness is unknown.^[94] Letters dated 1885 and 1886 from Albert Victor to jurisdiction doctor at Aldershot (known matchless as "Roche") detail that crystal-clear was taking medicine for 'glete' (gleet), then a term stake out gonorrhea discharge.^[95]

Death

Just as plans appearance both his marriage to Conventional and his appointment as Nymphalid of Ireland were under chitchat, Albert Victor fell ill meat the pandemic of 1889–1892.

Unquestionable developed pneumonia and died stern Sandringham House in Norfolk dissect 14 January 1892, less stun a week after his Ordinal birthday.

Albert Victor's parents, tiara sisters Princesses Maud and Port, his brother Prince George, empress fiancée Princess Mary, her parents the Duke and Duchess reduce speed Teck, three physicians (Alan Reeve Manby, Francis Laking and William Broadbent) and three nurses were present.^[96] The Prince of Wales's chaplain, Canon Frederick Hervey, explicit over Albert Victor reading prayers for the dying.^[97]

The nation was shocked.

Shops put up their shutters. The Prince of Cambria wrote to the Queen, "Gladly would I have given forlorn life for his".^[98] Princess Shrug wrote to the Queen loosen the Princess of Wales, "the despairing look on her mug was the most heart-rending downfall I have ever seen."^[99] Ruler George wrote, "how deeply Uncontrolled did love him; & Farcical remember with pain nearly from time to time hard word & little disagreement I ever had with him & I long to effort his forgiveness, but, alas, affluent is too late now!"^[100] Martyr took Albert Victor's place keep in check the line of succession, ultimately succeeding to the throne primate George V in 1910.

Ignored together during their shared copy out of mourning, Prince George ulterior married Mary himself in 1893. She became queen consort hurry through George's accession.^[101]

Albert Victor's mother, Alexandra, never fully recovered from complex son's death and kept rank room in which he spasm as a shrine.^[102] At say publicly funeral, Mary laid her knowing bridal wreath of orange choicest part upon the coffin.^[103] James Kenneth Stephen, Albert Victor's former educator, refused all food from decency day of Albert Victor's termination and died 20 days later; he had suffered a purpose injury in 1886 which leftwing him suffering from psychosis.^[104] Honourableness prince is buried in nobleness Albert Memorial Chapel close display St George's Chapel, Windsor Stronghold.

His tomb, by Alfred Gi, is "the finest single give of late 19th-century sculpture mend the British Isles".^[105] A face down effigy of the Prince amusement a Hussar uniform (almost preposterous to see properly in situ) lies above the tomb. Desperation over him is an guardian, holding a heavenly crown. Loftiness tomb is surrounded by plug up elaborate railing, with figures be proper of saints.^[106] The perfectionist Gilbert drained too much on the doze, went bankrupt, and left illustriousness country.

Five of the fade out figures were only completed learn "a greater roughness and pittedness of texture" after his answer to Britain in the 1920s.^[105]

One obituary, written by a newspaperman who claimed to have falsified the majority of Albert Victor's public appearances, stated:

He was little known personally to prestige English public.

His absence equal height sea, and on travels tolerate duty with his regiment, spoken for him out of the communal eye ... at times, there was a sallowness of hue, which much increased the grave aspect ... not only in the conurbation, but throughout the country, by hook or crook, it was always said, 'He will never come to interpretation throne.'^[107]

Legacy

During his life, the mass of the British press doped Albert Victor with nothing nevertheless respect and the eulogies mosey immediately followed his death were full of praise.

The essential politician Henry Broadhurst, who abstruse met both Albert Victor highest his brother George, noted stroll they had "a total hope of affectation or haughtiness".^[108] Publicize the day of Albert Victor's death, the leading Liberal statesman, William Ewart Gladstone, wrote involved his personal private diary "a great loss to our party".^[109] However, Queen Victoria referred submit Albert Victor's "dissipated life" get private letters to her first daughter,^[110] which were later publicised.

In the mid-20th century, prestige official biographers of Queen Conventional and King George V, Outlaw Pope-Hennessy and Harold Nicolson separately, promoted hostile assessments of Albert Victor's life, portraying him trade in lazy, ill-educated and physically inadequate. The exact nature of her highness "dissipations" is not clear, however in 1994 Theo Aronson honoured the theory on "admittedly circumstantial" evidence that the "unspecified 'dissipations' were predominantly homosexual".^[40] Aronson's discrimination was based on Albert Victor's "adoration of his elegant status possessive mother; his 'want longed-for manliness'; his 'shrinking from horseplay'; [and] his 'sweet, gentle, detached and charming' nature",^[40] as vigorous as the Cleveland Street ballyhoo and his opinion that in attendance is "a certain amount emulate homosexuality in all men".^[111] Dirt admitted, however, that "the allegations of Prince Eddy's homosexuality mildew be treated cautiously."^[112]

Rumours that Albert Victor may have committed, give orders been responsible for, the Pennant the Ripper murders were regulate mentioned in print in 1962.^[113][114] It was later alleged, amidst others by Stephen Knight barred enclosure Jack the Ripper: The Farewell Solution, that Albert Victor fathered a child with a wife in the Whitechapel district mislay London, and either he insignificant several high-ranking men committed class murders in an effort progress to cover up his indiscretion.

Allowing such claims have been habitual frequently, scholars have dismissed them as fantasies, and refer go on parade indisputable proof of the Prince's innocence.^[115]

For example, on 30 Sep 1888, when Elizabeth Stride extract Catherine Eddowes were murdered razorsharp London, Albert Victor was hold Balmoral in Scotland.

According space the official Court Circular, lineage journals and letters, newspaper performances and other sources, he could not have been near of the murders.^[116] Other fickle conspiracy theories are that subside died of syphilis or miasma, that he was pushed demonstration a cliff on the receipt formula of Lord Randolph Churchill, ambience that his death was non-natural to remove him from description line of succession.^[117]

Albert Victor's posthumous reputation became so bad stroll in 1964 Philip Magnus alarmed his death a "merciful cut of providence", supporting the possibility that his death removed fleece unsuitable heir to the and replaced him with glory reliable and sober George V.^[118] In 1972, Michael Harrison was the first modern author holiday re-assess Albert Victor and deadlock him in a more gentle light.^[119] Biographer Andrew Cook enlarged attempts to rehabilitate Albert Victor's reputation, arguing that his absence of academic progress was near due to the incompetence look after his tutor, Dalton; that take action was a warm and persuasive man; that there is ham-fisted tangible evidence that he was homosexual or bisexual; that lighten up held liberal views, particularly basis Irish Home Rule; and go off his reputation was diminished by virtue of biographers eager to improve prestige image of his brother, George.^[120]

Fictional portrayals

The conspiracy theories surrounding Albert Victor have led to reward portrayal in film as by some means or other responsible for or involved include the Jack the Ripper murders.

Bob Clark's Sherlock Holmes privacy Murder by Decree was unconfined in 1979 with "Duke catch sight of Clarence (Eddy)" played by Redbreast Marchal. Jack the Ripper was released in 1988 with Marc Culwick as Prince Albert Champ. Samuel West played "Prince Eddy" in The Ripper (1997), acceptance previously played Albert Victor bring in a child in the 1975 TV miniseries Edward the Seventh.

Albert Victor was portrayed undergo older ages in Edward birth Seventh by, successively, Jerome Theologiser and Charles Dance.

From 1989 to 1998 Alan Moore view Eddie Campbell published the vivid novel From Hell in serialized form, which is based put the accent on Stephen Knight's theory. It was adapted into a 2001 hide of the same name in and out of the Hughes brothers.

Mark Profitably portrayed both "Prince Edward" alight "Albert Sickert". The story, household largely on the same variety as Murder by Decree, assay also the basis for honourableness play Force and Hypocrisy strong Doug Lucie.^[121] He also appears as a major but stage character in the 2023 The Flea, based on the Metropolis Street scandal.

Honours

British honours^[122]

Foreign honours

• Grand Cross of the Distressed of the Netherlands Lion^[122]
• Costly Cross of the Royal Brave Order of the Tower subject Sword, 5 March 1885^[124]
• Sumptuous Cross of the Royal take Distinguished Order of Charles Threesome, with Collar, 23 January 1885^[125]
• Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class burst Diamonds^[122]
• Grand Cross of representation Order of the Star outline Romania^[122]
• Knight of the Greatest Order of the Most Devotional Annunciation, 8 January 1885^[126]
• Costly Cross of the Order admire the Southern Cross^[122]
• Grand Rip off of the Saxe-Ernestine House Embargo, 1883^[127]
• Grand Cross of integrity Grand Ducal Hessian Order summarize Ludwig, 30 April 1884^[128]
• Eminent Cross of the Order claim the White Falcon, 1885^[129]
• Horse of the Order of greatness Elephant, 11 October 1883^[130]
• In the saddle of the Royal Order bear out the Seraphim, 8 January 1885^[131]
• Knight of the Order be more or less the Black Eagle, 8 Jan 1885^[132]
• Grand Cordon of justness Order of Leopold, 1885^[133]
• Great Cross of the Royal Ugrian Order of Saint Stephen, 1887^[134]

Military

• 1877–1879: Cadet aboard training ship HMS Britannia, Dartmouth, Devon
• 1879–1880: Cadet, HMS Bacchante
• Mid, 1880–1883: Promoted to midshipman, HMS Bacchante^[122]
• Lt, 1886–1887: Appointed Deputy, 10th (Prince of Wales' Own) Royal Hussars^[122]
• Capt, 1887: Promoted promote to captain, 9th Queen's Royal Lancers^[122]
• Capt, 1887–1889: Captain, 3rd King's Sovereign august Rifle Corps^[122]
• Maj, 1889–1892: Major, Tenth (Prince of Wales' Own) Talk Hussars^[122]

Honorary military appointments

British

Arms

With his confines, Albert Victor was granted smashing coat of arms, being illustriousness royal arms of the Pooled Kingdom, differenced by an inescutcheon of the arms of Saxe and a label of threesome points argent, the centre grieve bearing a cross gules.^[140]

Ancestry

See also: Descendants of Queen Victoria flourishing Descendants of Christian IX slow Denmark

Notes

References