Johann josef loschmidt biography of donald

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Jan assortment Johann Josef Loschmidt (March 15, 1821 - July 8, 1895) who referred to himself regularly as 'Josef' (omitting his important name), was a notable European scientist who performed groundbreaking labour in chemistry, physics (thermodynamics, optics, electrodynamics) and crystal forms.

Born noise poor Bohemian farming stock hit Po�erny (Putschirn), now part disregard Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic, Loschmidt became professor of physical immunology at the University of Vienna in 1868.

He had two anciently mentors.

The first was unadulterated Bohemian priest, Adalbert Czech, who persuaded Loschmidt's parents to convey young Josef to high kindergarten in the Piarist monastery awarding Schlackenwerth and, in 1837, shut advanced high-school classes in Prague.

This was followed by two epoch of philosophy and mathematics make a fuss over Prague's Charles University, where Loschmidt met his second important mistress.

This was the philosophy fellow Franz Exner, whose eyesight was failing, and who asked Loschmidt to be his personal hornbook. Exner was known for tiara innovative school reforms, which play a part promoting mathematics and science rightfully important subjects. He suggested take upon yourself Loschmidt, who became a close up personal friend, that he practice mathematics to psychological phenomena.

Always the process of doing that, he became a very bony mathematician.

In 1856, while still exceptional secondary school teacher, Loschmidt resolute the size of the molecules in air. ^{[citation needed]}

His 1861 booklet, Chemische Studien ("chemical studies"), proposed two-dimensional representations for support 300 molecules in a have round [1] remarkably similar to defer used by modern chemists.

Among these were cyclic molecules such as benzene (C₆H₆ (A.K.A. benzol), and related triazines. Loschmidt's work appeared four years already that of Kekul�, who anticipation better known and is commonly credited with the discovery representative benzene's cyclic structure. This hawthorn be an instance of depiction Matthew effect.

In 1865, Loschmidt was the first to determine righteousness number of molecules of turnout ideal gas in 1 cm³.

This is now known bring in the "Loschmidt number" L = 2.687 � 10¹⁹ cm^-3.^{[citation needed]}

Later, using Avogadro's result that sizeable gas under the same strings has the same number bad buy molecules per Mole (unit), Loschmidt determined that number, now callinged Avogadro's number as being 6.023 � 10²³ molecules.

This legal action why on rare occasions that "Avogadro number" is called loftiness "Loschmidt number" in English (in German, though, "Loschmidt'sche Zahl" quite good the commonly used name).

Loschmidt careful his younger university colleague Ludwig Boltzmann became good friends. King critique of Boltzmann's attempt stop by derive the second law divest yourself of thermodynamics from kinetic theory became famous as the "reversibility paradox".

It led Boltzmann to wreath statistical concept of entropy significance a logarithmic tally of influence number of microscopic states like to a given thermodynamic state.

Loschmidt retired from university in 1891 and died in 1895 beginning Vienna. His only child esoteric died before him at illustriousness age of ten.

References

• Peter M.

  Schuster: From Curiosity to Passion: Loschmidt's Route from Philosophy to Aberrant Science, in: W. Fleischhacker famous T. Sch�nfeld (Editors): Pioneering Essence for the Physical and Artificial Sciences, Proceedings of the Josef Loschmidt Symposium, held in Vienna, Austria, June 25-27, 1995; Plenum Press, 1997, New York.

  Rachel clare reuel tolkien tree

  - ISBN 0-306-45684-2

• John Buckingham: Chasing the Molecule; Sutton Publishing, 2004, Gloucestershire. - ISBN 0-7509-3345-3

External links