Apj abdul kalam brief biography of albert

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

President be proper of India from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For honesty Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly 1 see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Official sketch, 2002

In office
25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Manmohan Singh
Vice PresidentKrishan Kant
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
Preceded byK.

R. Narayanan

Succeeded byPratibha Patil
In office
November 1999 – November 2001
PresidentK. Notice. Narayanan
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byRajagopala Chidambaram
Born(1931-10-15)15 October 1931
Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (modern–day Tamil Nadu, India)
Died27 July 2015(2015-07-27) (aged 83)
Shillong, Meghalaya, India
Resting placeDr.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Memorial, Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu, India

Political partyIndependent[1]
Alma mater
Profession
AwardsList panic about awards and honours
Notable work(s)
Signature
WebsiteA.

Holder. J. Abdul Kalam
Centre

Scientific career
FieldsAerospace engineering
Institutions

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Asian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th big cheese of India from 2002 give explanation 2007.

Born and raised give it some thought a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering.

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He spent the next span decades as a scientist stall science administrator, mainly at distinction Defence Research and Development System (DRDO) and Indian Space Investigation Organisation (ISRO) and was very well involved in India's civilian void programme and military missile expansion efforts.[2] He thus came regard be known as the Missile Man of India for reward work on the development be useful to ballistic missile and launch mechanism technology.[3][4][5] He also played spruce up pivotal organisational, technical, and national role in India's Pokhran-II fissionable tests in 1998, the eminent since the original nuclear get in touch with by India in 1974.[6]

Kalam was elected as the 11th cicerone of India in 2002 business partner the support of both honourableness ruling Bharatiya Janata Party become more intense the then-opposition Indian National Sitting.

Widely referred to as class "People's President",[7] he returned regard his civilian life of raising, writing and public service care for a single term. He was a recipient of several superior awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.

While delivering a lecture at distinction Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died wean away from an apparent cardiac arrest state 27 July 2015, aged 83.[8] Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, crafty the funeral ceremony held pull his hometown of Rameswaram, ring he was buried with complete state honours.[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Muslim coat in the pilgrimage centre characteristic Rameswaram on Pamban Island, consequently in the Madras Presidency cope with now in the State be advisable for Tamil Nadu.

His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat holder and imam of a district mosque;[10] his mother Ashiamma was a housewife.[11][12][13][14] His father infamous a ferry that took Hindi pilgrims back and forth among Rameswaram and the now empty Dhanushkodi.[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest allowance four brothers and one baby in his family.[17][18][19] His ancestry had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with numerous presentation and large tracts of soil.

Marakayar are a Muslim tribal group found in coastal Dravidian Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim descent from Arab traders and local women. The stock business had involved trading feed between the mainland and glory island and to and shake off Sri Lanka, as well importance ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban.

With the launch of the Pamban Bridge disrespect the mainland in 1914, quieten, the businesses failed and position family fortune and properties were lost by the 1920s, to one side from the ancestral home. Authority family was poverty-stricken by excellence time Kalam was born. Translation a young boy he abstruse to sell newspapers to sum to the family's meager income.[20][21][22]

In his school years, Kalam confidential average grades but was alleged as a bright and energetic student who had a muscular desire to learn.

He burnt out hours on his studies, ultra Mathematics.[22] After completing his bringing-up at Schwartz Higher Secondary Educational institution, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on nominate attend the St. Joseph's Faculty, Tiruchirappalli from where he slow in Physics in 1954.[23]

Kalam hurt to Madras in 1955 evaluate study aerospace engineering in Province Institute of Technology.[14] While Kalam was working on a older class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with his lack bring in progress and threatened to cancel his scholarship unless the design was finished within the support three days.

Kalam met primacy deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said to him, "I was putting you under high spot and asking you to concentrated a difficult deadline."[24] He scrupulously missed achieving his dream be paid becoming a fighter pilot, by reason of he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the IAF.[25]

Career thanks to a scientist

After graduating from primacy Madras Institute of Technology fragment 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautic Development Establishment of the Exoneration Research and Development Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Government discovery India) as a scientist funding becoming a member of dignity Defence Research & Development Charter (DRDS).

He started his duration by designing a small craft, but remained unconvinced by potentate choice of a job at the same height DRDO.[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working under Vikram Sarabhai, justness renowned space scientist.[14] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. G. S. Murthy, the first Director of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).[28] In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Analysis Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit be glad about July 1980; Kalam had principal started work on an bendable rocket project independently at DRDO in 1965.[2] In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval careful expanded the programme to insert more engineers.[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Inquiry Center in Hampton, Virginia; Physicist Space Flight Center in Greenway, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.[12][29] Between the 1970s and Decennium, Kalam made an effort come into contact with develop the Polar Satellite Set out Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved fulfill be successful.

Kalam was acceptable by Raja Ramanna to eyewitness the country's first nuclear probation Smiling Buddha as the seller of TBRL, even though proscribed had not participated in warmth development. In the 1970s, Kalam also directed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of picture successful SLV programme.[30] Despite greatness disapproval of the Union The priesthood, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi decided secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary reason under Kalam's directorship.[30] Kalam upset an integral role convincing say publicly Union Cabinet to conceal significance true nature of these secret aerospace projects.[30] His research duct educational leadership brought him skilled laurels and prestige in high-mindedness 1980s, which prompted the reach a decision to initiate an advanced bullet programme under his directorship.[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and scientific adviser check the Defence Minister, worked mystification the suggestion by the therefore Defence Minister, R.

Venkataraman made-up a proposal for simultaneous come to life of a quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one after another.[31] R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting picture cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion for the mission, dubbed Integrated Guided Missile Development Course of action (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam translation the chief executive.[31] Kalam moved a major part in processing many missiles under the detonate including Agni, an intermediate change ballistic missile and Prithvi, integrity tactical surface-to-surface missile, although righteousness projects have been criticised redundant mismanagement and cost and without fail overruns.[31][32]

Kalam served as the Leading Scientific Adviser to the Excellent Minister and Secretary of honesty Defence Research and Development Disposal from July 1992 to Dec 1999.

The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this calm in which he played come to an end intensive political and technological conduct yourself. Kalam served as the Dupe Project Coordinator, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.[12][33] Media coverage of Kalam textile this period made him nobility country's best known nuclear scientist.[34] However, the director of prestige site test, K Santhanam, thought that the thermonuclear bomb confidential been a "fizzle" and criticised Kalam for issuing an untrue report.[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims.[36]

In 1998, far ahead with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost thrombosis stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".[37][38] In 2012, the duo calculated a rugged tablet computer put under somebody's nose health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".[39]

Kalam served as the Ordinal president of India, succeeding Youthful.

R. Narayanan. He won position 2002 presidential election with peter out electoral vote of 922,884, transcendent the 107,366 votes won by way of Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, nod to 25 July 2007.[40]

On 10 June 2002, the National Democratic Association (NDA) which was in arduousness at the time, expressed drift they would nominate Kalam famine the post of President,[41][42] stall both the Samajwadi Party enthralled the Nationalist Congress Party supported his candidacy.[43][44] After the Samajwadi Party announced its support shelter Kalam, Narayanan chose not tackle seek a second term notes office, leaving the field clear.[45] Kalam said of the interconnect of his candidature:

I chart really overwhelmed.

Everywhere both resolve Internet and in other communication, I have been asked provision a message. I was reasonable what message I can scan to the people of distinction country at this juncture.[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his decree papers in the Indian Council, accompanied by Vajpayee and coronet senior Cabinet colleagues.[47]

The polling rent the presidential election began curled 15 July 2002, in Convocation and the state assemblies, delete the media claiming that influence election was a one-sided trouble and Kalam's victory was unornamented foregone conclusion; the count was held on 18 July.[48] Kalam became the 11th president demonstration the Republic of India convoluted an easy victory,[49] and laid hold of into the Rashtrapati Bhavan subsequently he was sworn in put back into working order 25 July.[50] Kalam was birth third President of India alongside have been honoured with wonderful Bharat Ratna, India's highest noncombatant honour, before becoming the Guide Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the sooner recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President make public India.[51] He was also blue blood the gentry first scientist and the be in first place bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.[52]

During his term as president, purify was affectionately known as justness People's President,[53][54][55] saying that language the Office of Profit Worth was the toughest decision misstep had taken during his tenure.[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for king inaction in deciding the fortune of 20 out of character 21 mercy petitions submitted authorization him during his tenure.[59] Fib 72 of the Constitution revenue India empowers the President distinctive India to grant pardons, stand for suspend or commute the sort-out sentence of convicts on infect row.[59][60] Kalam acted on matchless one mercy plea in culminate five-year tenure as president, contradictory the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.[59] Perhaps the most notable request was from Afzal Guru, fastidious Kashmiri terrorist who was culpable of conspiracy in the Dec 2001 attack on the Amerindian Parliament and was sentenced improve death by the Supreme Dreary of India in 2004.[60] Length the sentence was scheduled talk to be carried out on 20 October 2006, the pending troupe on his mercy plea resulted in him remaining on demise row.[60] He also took rank controversial decision to impose President's Rule in Bihar in 2005.[61]

In September 2003, in an joint session in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported the need of Garb Civil Code in India, control in view the population manager the country.[62][63][64][65]

At the end break into his term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his agreeableness to consider a second title in office provided there was certainty about his victory market the 2007 presidential election.[66] Dispel, two days later, he marked not to contest the Statesmanly election again stating that noteworthy wanted to avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from any political processes.[67] He was proposed by position front named United National Developing Alliance leader J.

Jayalalithaa view coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other spearhead Mulayam Singh Yadav and Water down Prakash Chautala, but he blunt not have the support for the left parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to obtain a renewed mandate.[68][69]

Nearing the extirpation of the term of authority 12th President Pratibha Patil demonstration 24 July 2012, media acta b events in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be scheduled for his second term.[70][71][72] Care for the reports, social networking sites witnessed a number of kin supporting his candidature.[73][74] The BJP potentially backed his nomination[failed verification], saying that the party would lend their support if significance Trinamool Congress, Samajwadi Party endure Indian National Congress proposed him for the 2012 presidential election.[75][76] A month ahead of excellence election, Mulayam Singh Yadav contemporary Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support for Kalam.[77] Indian Genealogical Congress opposed the nomination time off Kalam in 2012.[78] Days after, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed retire, leaving Mamata Banerjee as leadership solitary supporter.[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to war the 2012 presidential poll.

Take steps said of his decision crowd to do so:

Many, go to regularly citizens have also expressed rendering same wish. It only reflects their love and affection get something done me and the aspiration fend for the people. I am de facto overwhelmed by this support. That being their wish, I get the gist it.

I want to show one`s appreciation them for the trust they have in me.[80]

After leaving business, Kalam became a visiting associate lecturer at the Indian Institute fine Management Shillong, the Indian League of Management Ahmedabad, and honourableness Indian Institute of Management Indore; an honorary fellow of Asian Institute of Science, Bangalore;[81]chancellor love the Indian Institute of Extent Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; academician of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; and an adjunct downy many other academic and inquiry institutions across India.

He nurtured information technology at the Universal Institute of Information Technology, City, and technology at Banaras Faith University and Anna University.[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by nonmilitary groups over his stand dramatic piece the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he supported the establishment disseminate the nuclear power plant paramount was accused of not eloquent with the local people.[83] Rectitude protesters were hostile to surmount visit as they saw him as a pro-nuclear scientist put forward were unimpressed by the assurances he provided regarding the maintenance features of the plant.[84]

In Hawthorn 2012, Kalam launched a course of action for the youth of Bharat called the What Can Unrestrainable Give Movement, with a chief theme of defeating corruption.[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death and state funeral lift A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam traveled to Shillong to deliver fastidious lecture on "Creating a Inhabitable Planet Earth" at the Asiatic Institute of Management Shillong. At long last climbing a flight of in tune with, he experienced some discomfort, on the other hand was able to enter integrity auditorium after a brief rest.[87] At around 6:35 p.m.

IST, unique five minutes into his treatise, he collapsed.[88][89] He was quick to the nearby Bethany Health centre in a critical condition; effect arrival, he lacked a beating or any other signs holiday life.[88] Despite being placed huddle together the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of unblended sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m.

IST.[88][90][91] His last words, augment his aide Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Junk you doing well?"[92]

On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with brimming state honours.

Over 350,000 followers attended the last rites, together with the Prime Minister, the guide of Tamil Nadu and nobleness chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. A. P. Enumerate. Abdul Kalam Memorial[95] was forge in memory of Kalam timorous the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in the island town believe Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.

It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017.[96][97] Put forward display are the replicas refer to rockets and missiles which Kalam had worked with. Acrylic paintings about his life are likewise displayed along with hundreds warning sign portraits depicting the life be advantageous to the mass leader.

There evaluation a statue of Kalam bundle the entrance showing him accomplishment the Veena. There are team a few other smaller statues of magnanimity leader in sitting and bargain posture.[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the firstborn of whom was a tend, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed moisten three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 Nov 1916 – 7 March 2021),[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammed (d. 1995).[101] He was fantastic close to his elder siblings and their extended families from end to end his life, and would unsystematically send small sums of resources to his older relations, actually remaining a lifelong bachelor.[101][102]

Kalam was noted for his integrity other his simple lifestyle.[102][103] He was a teetotaler.[104] Kalam never eminent a television, and was pretense the habit of rising undergo 6:30 or 7 a.m.

and quiescency by 2 a.m.[105] His few remote possessions included his books, consummate veena, some articles of wear, a CD player and graceful laptop; at his death, lighten up left no will, and king possessions went to his first brother, who survived him.[106][107]

Religious take up spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very important to Kalam from end to end his life.[108] He made fulfil own spiritual journey the angle of his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and fasting about Ramadan were integral to prestige life of Kalam, a business Sunni Muslim.[10][111][112] His father, rendering imam of a mosque injure his hometown of Rameswaram, esoteric strictly instilled these Islamic impost in his children.[10] His holy man had also impressed upon distinction young Kalam the value forged interfaith respect and dialogue.

Gorilla Kalam recalled: "Every evening, livid father A. P. Jainulabdeen, an islamist, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the imagination priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindustani temple, and a church cleric used to sit with close tea and discuss the issues concerning the island."[109][113] Such perfectly exposure convinced Kalam that illustriousness answers to India's multitudinous issues lay in "dialogue and cooperation" among the country's religious, collective, and political leaders.[111] Moreover, because Kalam believed that "respect retrieve other faiths" was one unscrew the key cornerstones of Islamism, he was fond of saying: "For great men, religion bash a way of making friends; small people make religion wonderful fighting tool."[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse assemblys in India, and an tricky aspect of his legacy, run through the syncretism he embodied edict appreciating various elements of description many spiritual and cultural criterion criteria of India.[111][112][115][116] In addition undertake his faith in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Hindu traditions; settle down learnt Sanskrit,[117][118] read the Bhagavad Gita[119][120] and he was uncomplicated vegetarian.[121] Kalam also enjoyed chirography Tamil poetry, playing the veena (an Indian string instrument),[122] paramount listening to Carnatic devotional harmony every day.[112] In 2002, envelop one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming chairwoman, he reiterated his desire get to a more united India, stating that "during the last give someone a ring year I met a back copy of spiritual leaders of imprison religions ...

and I would like to endeavour to business for bringing about unity fine minds among the divergent orthodoxy of our country".[115] Describing Kalam as a unifier of different traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a accurate Indian, an embodiment of significance eclecticism of India's heritage be defeated diversity".[112]BJP leader L.

K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of the Resolution of India, one who corporal the best of all illustriousness cultural and spiritual traditions guarantee signify India's unity in voluminous diversity. This was most specially evident in the second-to-last publication he published, presciently titled Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swami".[116]

Pramukh Swami as Guru

Kalam's want to meet spiritual leaders simulate help create a more moneyed, spiritual, and unified India was what initially led him come into contact with meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindi guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would evenly to consider his ultimate devotional teacher and guru.[109][111] The greatest of eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over far-out fourteen-year period took place depiction 30 June 2001, in New-found Delhi, during which Kalam designated being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity.[123] Kalam stated that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami everywhere their numerous interactions.

One much incident occurred the day succeeding the terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in Sept 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed pick, and sprinkled holy water raise, the sites of all sponsor the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that flurry human life is sacred. Kalam recalled being moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity and compassion, shocking this incident as one position his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.[124] Summarising the effect go off Pramukh Swami had on him, Kalam stated that "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me.

Of course is the ultimate stage translate the spiritual ascent in empty life ... Pramukh Swamiji has put me in a God-synchronous orbit. No manoeuvres are chosen any more, as I pleasure placed in my final ticket in eternity."[111][125] Following Kalam's decease a month after his ending book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to this subject as potentially prophetic and prophetical of Kalam's death.[126]

Writings

In his tome India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated an action plan to enhance India into a "knowledge superpower" and a developed nation toddler 2020.

He regarded his preventable on India's nuclear weapons trade show as a way to disclose India's place as a forward-thinking superpower.[127]

I have identified five areas where India has a extort competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) string and communication technology; (4) basis, reliable and quality electric independence, surface transport and infrastructure provision all parts of the country; and (5) self-reliance in hefty technologies.

These five areas responsibility closely inter-related and if avantgarde in a coordinated way, discretion lead to food, economic predominant national security.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life considering that he asked Pramukh Swami, excellence guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India might make this five-pronged vision of event.

 Pramukh Swami's answer—to add deft sixth area developing faith girder God and spirituality to quandary the current climate of criminality and corruption—became the spiritual perception for the next 15 epoch Kalam's life, which he describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a moon before his death.[123]

It was widely known that there was considerable require in South Korea for translated versions of books authored afford him.[128]

Kalam took an active keeping in other developments in rendering field of science and application, including a research programme on the road to developing biomedical implants.

He too supported open source technology expect proprietary software, predicting that honesty use of free software manage a large scale would lead the benefits of information bailiwick to more people.[129]

Kalam set unadulterated target of interacting with 100,000 students during the two seniority after his resignation from leadership post of scientific adviser be glad about 1999.[22] He explained, "I pressurize somebody into comfortable in the company hark back to young people, particularly high secondary students.

Henceforth, I intend farm share with them experiences, segment them to ignite their sense and preparing them to look at carefully for a developed India supporter which the road map comment already available." His dream job to let every student disregard light up the sky fitting victory using their latent passion in the heart.[22]

Awards and honours

Main article: List of honors leading awards received by A.

Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.[130][131] The Government of India esteemed him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for rule work with ISRO and DRDO and his role as excellent scientific advisor to the Government.[132] In 1997, Kalam received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution monitor the scientific research and modernization of defence technology in India.[133] In 2008 Kalam was depiction recipient of Hoover Medal.[134] Near in 2013, he was distinction recipient of the Von Mistress Award from the National Legroom Society "to recognize excellence staging the management and leadership clasp a space-related project".[135]

In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 get through to Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian.[136]

Following his death, Kalam received numerous tributes.

The Dravidian Nadu state government announced lapse his birthday, 15 October, would be observed across the make as "Youth Renaissance Day;" goodness state government further instituted magnanimity "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold ribbon, a certificate and ₹500,000 (US$5,800). The award will be awarded annually on Independence Day, starting point in 2015, to residents help the state with achievements weighty promoting scientific growth, the idiom or the welfare of students.[137]

On the anniversary of Kalam's ancestry in 2015 the CBSE meeting topics on his name interchangeable the CBSE expression series.[138]

Prime Cleric Narendra Modi ceremonially released cartage stamps commemorating Kalam at DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi fascinate 15 October 2015, the 84th anniversary of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at the NASA's Jet Impetus Laboratory (JPL) had discovered a-one new bacterium on the filters of the International Space Place (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the determine president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.[139]

Several educational and scientific institutions suggest other locations were renamed be successful named in honour of Kalam following his death.

  • Kerala Bailiwick University, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram site Kalam lived for years, was renamed to A P Enumerate Abdul Kalam Technological University tail end his death.
  • An agricultural college get rid of impurities Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed loftiness "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by the Bihar state make on the day of Kalam's funeral.

    The state government further announced it would name unmixed proposed science city after Kalam.[140]

  • India's First Medical Tech Institute forename as Kalam Institute of Welfare Technology located at Visakhapatnam.[141]
  • Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J.

    Abdul Kalam Technical Introduction by the Uttar Pradesh present government.[142]

  • A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, smart new research institute in Kollam city, Kerala attached to honesty Travancore Medical College Hospital.[143]
  • A contemporary academic complex at Mahatma Solon University in Kerala.[144]
  • Construction of Dr.

    A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Science City started in Patna in February 2019.[145]

  • A new discipline centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.[146]
  • India and the US possess launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Togetherness in September 2014. The chief call for applicants was proclaimed on Friday, 12 March 2016, for the fellowship which disposition enable up to 6 Amerindic PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to work with US hostess institutions for a period gradient 6–12 months.

    The fellowship determination be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) go under the surface the Fulbright programme.[147]

  • Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named after him.
  • Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University of Technology.[148]

Island

Wheeler Islet, a national missile test aim in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in September 2015.[149]

Road

A prominent road in New Metropolis was renamed from Aurangzeb Proverbial to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road[150][151] in August 2015.[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from justness Botanical Survey of India name a newly found plant soul as Drypetes kalamii, in her highness honour.[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a lately discovered species of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.[154]

Legacy

Main article: List of belongings named after A.

P. Specify. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and approved culture

Kalam's writings
  • Developments in Fluid Execution and Space Technology by Unadorned P J Abdul Kalam beginning Roddam Narasimha; Indian Academy swallow Sciences, 1988.[155]
  • India 2020: A Ingredient for the New Millennium invitation A P J Abdul Kalam, Y.

    S. Rajan; New Royalty, 1998.[156]

  • Wings of Fire: An Autobiography by A P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Quell, 1999.[12]
  • Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Overwhelm Within India by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.[157]
  • The Luminous Sparks by A Owner J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.[158]
  • Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005[159]
  • Inspiring Thoughts hard A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, 2007[160]
  • Indomitable Spirit by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing[161]
  • Envisioning an Empowered Nation by Well-ordered P J Abdul Kalam spare A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi[162]
  • You Are Born Show consideration for Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond by A P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; The briny Books, 2011.[163]
  • Turning Points: A passage through challenges by A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins Bharat, 2012.[164]
  • Target 3 Billion by A-okay P J Abdul Kalam beginning Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
  • My Journey: Change Dreams into Actions by Practised P J Abdul Kalam; 2014 by the Rupa Publication.[165]
  • A Proposal for Change: A Sequel consent India 2020 by A Owner J Abdul Kalam and With no holds barred Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.[166]
  • Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by A P J Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Daughters, 29 October 2014.[167]
  • Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future invitation A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; do without Penguin India, 14 May 2015.[168]
  • Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P Number Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015[169]
  • Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity by means of A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October 2015.[170]
Biographies
  • Eternal Quest: Plainspoken and Times of Dr Kalam by S Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.[171]
  • President A P J Abdul Kalam by R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.[172]
  • A P Detail Abdul Kalam: The Visionary flaxen India by K Bhushan, Fleecy Katyal; A P H Boozer Corp, 2002.[173]
  • A Little Dream (documentary film) by P.

    Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008.[174]

  • The Kalam Effect: My Years pick out the President by P Mixture Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.[175]
  • My Days Date Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; Novel Firm, 2009.[176]
  • A.P.J.

    Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Writer, 2015.[177]

  • The People's President: Dr On the rocks P J Abdul Kalam dampen S M Khan; Bloomsbury Publication, 2016.[178]
Popular culture
  • In the 2011 Sanskrit film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed as a gain influence on a poor on the other hand bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam press honour of his idol.[179]My Exponent Kalam is a 2018 Amerindic Kannada-language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his poised from childhood to the Pokhran tests.[180]
  • People's President is a 2016 Indian documentaryfeature film directed induce Pankaj Vyas which covers goodness life of Kalam.

    It was produced by the Government a choice of India's Films Division.[181]

  • Mega Icons (2018–2020), a documentary television series in the matter of prominent personalities of India which aired on National Geographic, home-grown the third episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life and his ascendancy involving India's presidency.[182]
  • Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film about the Indian soaring industry had a look-alike designate Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.[183]
  • Rocket Boys[184], an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television series on SonyLIV.

    High-mindedness character of Kalam was touched by Arjun Radhakrishnan.

  • Rocketry: The Nambi Effect, a 2022 film deliberate ISRO espionage case, Abdul Kalam's character is portrayed by human being Amaan.[185]

See also

References

Footnotes
Citations